doi:10.1007/s13344-020-0059-8

Optimization of Baffled Rectangular and Prismatic Storage Tank Against the Sloshing Phenomenon

doi: 10.1007/s13344-020-0059-8

Hassan SAGHI^{1, 2},
NING De-zhi^{2
, ,},
CONG Pei-wen²,
ZHAO Ming^{2, 3}

More Information

Corresponding author: NING De-zhi, E-mail: dzning@dlut.edu.cn

摘要

Abstract: The fluid motion in partially filled tanks with internal baffles has wide engineering applications. The installation of baffles is expected to reduce the effect of sloshing as well as the consequent environmental damages. In the present study, a series of experimental tests are performed to investigate the sloshing phenomenon in a baffled rectangular storage tank. In addition, the sloshing phenomenon is also modeled by using OpenFoam. Based on the experimental and numerical studies, optimization of the geometric parameters of the tank is performed based on some criteria such as tank area, entropy generation, and the horizontal force exerted on the tank area due to the sloshing phenomenon. The optimization is also carried out based on the entropy generation minimization analysis. It is noted that the optimum baffle height is in the range of h_b/h_w=0.5−0.75 in the present study (where h_b and h_w are the baffle height and water depth, respectively). Based on the results, the optimal design of the tank is achieved with R_A= 0.9−1.0 (where R_A=L/W, L and W are the length and width of the tank, respectively). The results also show that the increase of h_b can lead to a decrease of the maximum pressure and horizontal force exerted on the tank. It is also noted that the horizontal force exerted on the tank firstly continues to increase as the sway motion amplitude increases. However, as the normalized motion amplitude parameter, a/L (The parameter a is the motion amplitude), exceeds 0.067, the effect of motion amplitude on the force is not obvious. The same optimization is also performed in the multiple-variable-baffled tank and prismatic storage tank.
- baffled rectangular storage tank /
- experimental tests /
- sloshing phenomenon /
- optimization /
- entropy generation /
- OpenFoam

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Figure 1. Experimental setup (Hakim Sabzevari University).

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Figure 2. Horizontal force on the tank to evaluate the mesh size independency.

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Figure 3. Snapshot of the free surface in the rectangular tank.

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Figure 4. Comparison of the free surface oscillation in a rectangular tank for experimental and numerical results.

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Figure 5. Snapshot of the free surface oscillation in the baffled rectangular tank.

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Figure 6. Comparison of the free surface oscillation in a baffled rectangular tank for experimental and numerical results.

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Figure 7. Comparison on the pressure data between the results of the current paper and those of Xue et al. (2019).

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Figure 8. Coordinate system and geometry of the baffled rectangular storage tank for h_b=0.06 m.

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Figure 9. Comparison of the baffled rectangular tanks with different heights (h_b) against the sloshing phenomenon based on (a) pressure at the point of x=0.075 m, y=0.45 m, and z=0.01 m; (b) horizontal force exerted on the tank.

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Figure 10. Maximum pressure (P_max) and the decrement percentage of the maximum pressure (D_P) for different baffle heights.

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Figure 11. Maximum horizontal force (F_max) and the decrement percentage of the maximum horizontal force (D_F) for different baffle heights.

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Figure 12. Velocity vectors at different time for different baffle heights.

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Figure 13. Effect of sway motion amplitude for the rectangular storage tanks with baffle (h_b=0.06 m) and without baffle on the horizontal force exerted on the tank.

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Figure 14. Decrement percentage of maximum horizontal force (D_F) for different sway motion amplitudes (a).

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Figure 15. Comparison of different criteria to define the optimum rectangular storage tank (a) tank area (A_T) and maximum horizontal force exerted on the tank area (F_x_max); (b) cumulative entropy generation $ {S}_{\mathrm{g}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n},\mathrm{c}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{m}} $ .

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Figure 16. EG of optimum rectangular storage tank with and without baffle.

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Figure 17. Snapshots of the entropy generation distribution in different time for the optimum rectangular storage tanks.

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Figure 19. Horizontal forces exerted on the tank for different baffle arrangements.

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Figure 18. Schematic sketch of the ‘3-9-12-9-3’ type baffles (unit: cm).

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Figure 20. (a) Schematic view of the chambered storage tank, (b) Dimensions of the tank.

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Figure 21. Comparison of cumulative entropy generation (S_gen,cum) and maximum horizontal force exerted on the tank perimeter (F_x_max) of the chambered tanks with different a.

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Table 1. Dimensions of the chambered tank.

a (m)	L^* (m)	L (m)	W (m)	h_w	A_T (m²)
0	0.25	0.25	0.27	0.06	0.4470
0.03	0.253	0.1931	0.2732	0.063	0.4312
0.06	0.2623	0.1422	0.2832	0.071	0.4217
0.09	0.2785	0.0984	0.3007	0.083	0.4191
0.12	0.3026	0.0625	0.3267	0.095	0.4258

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