Abstract: To evaluate the performance and genetic potential of the soybean germplasm population, we collected 361 landraces and released cultivars in northeast China and conducted a field experiment to test their local phenotypes in Baicheng City of Jilin Province in 2012-2014.The results showed as follows.(1) Averagely, the population was with 105 d(80.4-130 d) of full growth period, 73.3 cm(30.1-131 cm) of plant height, 12.9(7.13-18.9) of nodes on main stem, 2.53(0.08-8.83) of branch number, 41.0%(36.8%-46.1%) of the protein content, 21.4%(18.0%-23.7%) of oil content, 62.3%(58.1%-65.8%) of total protein and oil content, and 18.4 g(8.33-25.7 g) of 100-seed weight.(2) The MG 000 and MG00 matured in 83-92 d, 50-60 d earlier than the first local frost-day, which could not fully use local climatic conditions; while the agronomic traits of MGI and MGⅡ groups were similar to those of the population, which could fully use the local frost-free period.The seed quality traits of MG000 and MG00 were better than those of MGI and MG, with 2% higher oil content or protein-oil content, while their plant heights and nodes on main stem were about 20-50 cm and 3-9 nodes less than those of MGI and MG, respectively.Some of the MGⅢ could not mature on time and were not suitable for local planting.The seed quality traits of MGⅢ were not as good as those of local varieties, with 1% less oil content or protein-oil content, respectively; while the plant height and nodes on main stem of MGⅢ were about 16 cm and 2 nodes more than those of local varieties, respectively.(3) The genetic progress of oil content, protein content and yield were lower than other agronomic and seed quality traits.Based on the tested data, we proposed some superior accessions as parental materials to improve individual traits for local cultivars.