基于圆检验的数控机床几何误差辨识

王民; 李家富; 昝涛; 马钢建; 周霜

doi:10.11936/bjutxb2016010070

基于圆检验的数控机床几何误差辨识

doi: 10.11936/bjutxb2016010070

1.
北京工业大学机械工程与应用电子技术学院先进制造技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100124
2.
电火花加工技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100191

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项(2012ZX04010021-001-004)；国家自然科学基金资助项目(51575014)；北京市自然科学基金资助项目(KZ201410005010)

详细信息

中图分类号: TH161
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-01-30
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-09
- 刊出日期: 2017-01-01

Identification of CNC Machine Tools’ Geometric Errors Based on Circular Tests

1.
Advanced Manufacturing Technology of the Key Laboratory of Beijing Municipality, College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
2.
Beijing Municipal Key Lab of EDM Technology, Beijing 100191, China

摘要

摘要: 为了准确地辨识出三轴立式数控机床的各项几何误差,通过多体系统理论建立了三轴立式数控机床圆运动轨迹数学模型,分析了数控机床圆检验中典型误差对机床圆运动轨迹的影响机理. 考虑多种几何误差对机床圆检验运动轨迹的影响,提出了一种基于最小二乘法和多项式误差模型的几何误差辨识方法,该误差辨识方法可以辨识出三轴立式数控机床的21项几何误差. 数值仿真结果表明:该误差辨识方法具有准确性和可行性.
- 数控机床 /
- 圆检验 /
- 几何误差辨识
Abstract: To identify the geometric errors of three-axis vertical CNC machine tools, the circular motion trajectories of three-axis vertical machine tools were modeled by using the theory of multi-body system. Based on the numerical simulations of circular motion trajectories, the influence mechanism of the typical geometric errors on the circular motion trajectories was analyzed. Considering the influence of multiple geometric errors on the circular motion trajectory, this paper put forward a geometric errors identification method, which can identify all 21 geometric errors of three-axis vertical machine tools based on the least squares method and polynomial based error modeling. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of this method.
- CNC machine tools /
- circular tests /
- geometric errors identification
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

HTML全文

图 1 机床x轴反向间隙引起的圆误差轨迹

Figure 1. Circular error trajectory caused by the backlash of x-axis of the machine tools

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 机床垂直度误差引起的圆误差轨迹(θ<π/2)

Figure 2. Circular error trajectory caused by the squareness error (θ<π/2)for machine tools

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 机床直线度误差引起的圆误差轨迹

Figure 3. Circular error trajectory caused by the straightness error for machine tools

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 机床反向越冲引起的圆误差轨迹

Figure 4. Circular error trajectory caused by the axis spike for machine tools

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 机床x轴周期误差引起的圆误差轨迹

Figure 5. Circular error trajectory caused by the cyclic error of x-axis of machine tools

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 机床在xOy平面的圆运动轨迹

Figure 6. Circular trajectory in xOy plane of machine tools

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图 7 机床x轴位置误差

Figure 7. Position error of x-axis of machine tools

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图 8 机床x轴运动时在y方向的直线度误差

Figure 8. Straightness error in the y direction with x-axis movement of the machine tools

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 机床x轴偏摆角误差

Figure 9. Yaw error of x-axis of machine tools

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 机床xOy平面各项几何误差辨识结果

Table 1. Identification results of kinematic errors inmachine tools’ xOy plane

误差项	系数	给定值	辨识值	系数辨识偏差率/%	误差项辨识偏差率/%
	d_xx₁	1×10^-⁴	1×10^-⁴	0
δ_x(x)	d_xx₂	2×10^-⁸	2×10^-⁸	0	0
	d_xx₃	1×10^-¹²	9.986×10^-¹³	0.14
δ_y(x)	d_yx₂	2×10^-⁶	1.990×10^-⁶	0.50	0.51
	d_yx₃	1×10^-¹⁰	9.911×10^-¹¹	0.89
Δγ_x	2×d_yx₂	4×10^-⁶	4×10^-⁶	0	0.01
	3×d_yx₃	3×10^-¹⁰	2.973×10^-¹⁰	1.10
	d_yy₁	1×10^-⁴	9.964×10^-⁵	0.36
δ_y(y)	d_yy₂	2×10^-⁸	2.035×10^-⁸	1.75	0.32
	d_yy₃	1×10^-¹²	1.023×10^-¹²	2.15
δ_x(y)	d_xy₂	2×10^-⁶	2×10^-⁶	0	0.01
	d_xy₃	1×10^-¹⁰	9.733×10^-¹⁰	2.67
Δγ_y	-2×d_xy₂	-4×10^-⁶	-4×10^-⁶	0	0
	-3×d_xy₃	-3×10^-¹⁰	-3×10^-¹⁰	0

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