基于大气PM<sub>2.5</sub>污染的建筑外窗缝隙通风换气次数动态变化特性

陈超; 万亚丽; 陈紫光; 蔺洁; 王亚峰; 吴玉琴; 赵力

doi:10.11936/bjutxb2016060068

基于大气PM_2.5污染的建筑外窗缝隙通风换气次数动态变化特性

doi: 10.11936/bjutxb2016060068

1.
北京工业大学建筑工程学院,北京 100124
2.
中国建筑科学研究院,北京 100013

基金项目: 国家“十二五”科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAJ02B02)

详细信息

中图分类号: TU831.1;TU834.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-06-22
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-13
- 刊出日期: 2017-02-01

Dynamic Characteristics in Air Infiltration Rate With Respect to Atmospheric PM_2.5 Pollution

1.
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
2.
China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China

摘要

摘要: 为了动态评价建筑外窗缝隙通风条件下室外PM_2.5污染对室内环境的影响规律及其渗透通风特性,依据研究团队2013年9月到2014年8月基于建筑外窗缝隙渗透通风(建筑外门窗关闭、无机械通风)且室内无污染源条件下关于北京地区某临街办公建筑室内外PM_2.5质量浓度水平与室外气象参数(空气干球温度、相对湿度、风速)的动态变化实时监测数据,结合质量平衡方程和数理统计方法提出了一种基于大量实测数据反演建筑外窗缝隙通风换气次数动态变化特性的评价模型,实测结果验证了该模型的有效性. 研究结果表明:当建筑外窗结构特征和房间结构特征一定时(实测建筑穿透系数P为0.93±0.01、自然沉降率k为0.10±0.03),静稳天气时的建筑外窗缝隙通风换气次数平均值约为0.10h^-1,对应的室内外PM_2.5质量浓度比I/O约为0.43;微风天气时的平均值约为0.22h^-1,对应的I/O约为0.56;和风天气时的平均值约为0.39h^-1,对应的I/O约为0.62. 研究结果可为室内人群健康风险评估以及建筑室内通风净化系统优化设计与节能运行提供重要参考.
- 大气细颗粒物(PM2.5) /
- 建筑外窗缝隙通风动态变化特性 /
- 换气次数 /
- 评价模型
Abstract: The window cracks is one of the important passageway that atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) get through into the indoor environment and then causing the indoor personal PM_2.5 exposure. In order to evaluate the characteristics of air infiltration through the window cracks, a longitudinal monitoring regarding both indoor and outdoor PM_2.5 mass concentrations and meteorological parameters (e.g. temperature, wind speed and relative humidity) were carried out in an unoccupied office located in Beijing from September 2013 to August 2014, with the condition of no mechanical ventilation and no indoor PM_2.5 pollution sources. Additionally, a mathematical model of air infiltration rate based on a large number of measured data combined with mass conservation theorem and the method of mathematical statistics was developed. The results show that the outdoor weather conditions and atmospheric PM_2.5 concentrations is the important factor of the air infiltration rate in a room which has a certain window structure (the PM_2.5 penetration factor (P) is 0.93±0.01 and deposition rate (k) is 0.10±0.03 for the sampling site). Influenced by the change of the outdoor wind speed, the average air infiltration rate is about 0.10h^-1 at static stability days, and it is about 0.22h^-1 at gentle breeze days, as well as 0.39h^-1 at moderate breeze days.
- atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) /
- infiltration /
- air exchange rate /
- mathematical model
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

HTML全文

图 1 室外气象参数对室内外PM_2.5质量浓度及I/O的影响^[12]

Figure 1. Influence of outdoormetrological parameters on I/O ratio

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图 2 不同压差与缝高下不同粒径颗粒物穿透系数^[8]

Figure 2. Particle penetration factor as a function of diameter, crack height, and pressure difference in the window crack

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图 3 监测点位置与房间平面图示意图

Figure 3. Location and floor plans of the monitored office

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图 4 室内CO₂示踪气体衰减法实测结果

Figure 4. Decay curve of the indoor CO₂ concentration

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图 5 缝隙通风换气次数推算值

Figure 5. Calculated value of air exchange rate

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图 6 室外风速变化与缝隙通风换气次数

Figure 6. Influence of outdoor wind speed on air exchange rate

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图 7 室外气象参数变化与缝隙通风换气次数

Figure 7. Changes of the air exchange rate with the outdoor wind speed and relative humidity

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图 8 室内外PM_2.5质量浓度与缝隙通风换气次数月变化

Figure 8. Monthly change of indoor and outdoor PM_2.5 mass concentrations and the corresponding air exchange rate

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图 9 室外气象参数月变化情况

Figure 9. Monthly change of outdoor meteorological parameters

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表 1 北京地区实测期间天气情况

Table 1. Summary table of the weather type classification in Beijing

情景	风力等级	对应风速/(m·s^-1)	实测风速平均值/(m·s^-1)	空气相对湿度平均值/%	室外PM_2.5质量浓度/(μg·m^-3)	室外污染水平
1	0	0.0~0.2	0.1	72	255	严重污染
2	1	0.3~1.5	1.1	65	221	重度污染
3	2	1.6~3.3	2.3	59	193	重度污染
4	3	3.4~5.4	4.1	49	125	中度污染
5	4	5.5~7.9	6.3	42	65	良

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