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基于液流和叶片水势测定的沙柳水分利用特征分析

杨睿智 马景永 梁椿烜 田赟 贾昕 查天山

杨睿智, 马景永, 梁椿烜, 田赟, 贾昕, 查天山. 基于液流和叶片水势测定的沙柳水分利用特征分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 41(5): 87-94. doi: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180241
引用本文: 杨睿智, 马景永, 梁椿烜, 田赟, 贾昕, 查天山. 基于液流和叶片水势测定的沙柳水分利用特征分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 41(5): 87-94. doi: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180241
Yang Ruizhi, Ma Jingyong, Liang Chunxuan, Tian Yun, Jia Xin, Zha Tianshan. Analyses on water use characteristics of Salix psammophila based on sap flow and leaf water potential[J]. JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, 2023, 41(5): 87-94. doi: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180241
Citation: Yang Ruizhi, Ma Jingyong, Liang Chunxuan, Tian Yun, Jia Xin, Zha Tianshan. Analyses on water use characteristics of Salix psammophila based on sap flow and leaf water potential[J]. JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, 2023, 41(5): 87-94. doi: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180241

基于液流和叶片水势测定的沙柳水分利用特征分析

doi: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180241
详细信息
    作者简介:

    杨睿智。主要研究方向:生理生态。Email:767514074@qq.com  地址:100083 北京市海淀区清华东路35号北京林业大学水土保持学院

    通讯作者:

    查天山,教授。主要研究方向:生态系统过程、植被对气候变化的响应与反馈、植被间相互作用等。Email: tianshanzha@bjfu.edu.cn  地址:同上

  • 中图分类号: S792.12

Analyses on water use characteristics of Salix psammophila based on sap flow and leaf water potential

  • 摘要:
      目的   干旱半干旱区植物的水分传输过程依赖于一套有效的调控机制,研究典型沙生植物对土壤干旱的响应机制有助于预测未来气候条件下荒漠生态系统的结构和功能变化。
      方法   采用包裹式茎流仪于2017年5—10月对毛乌素沙地沙柳液流进行长期连续观测,期间选择天气晴朗的19 d测得黎明前叶水势与正午叶水势,同步连续监测林冠上方太阳辐射、气温、空气相对湿度与土壤含水量。
      结果   (1)短期内土壤水势与枝条液流具有较好的相关性(5—6月、7—9月),整个生长季内液流密度与土壤叶片水势差(ΨLΨS)呈正相关。(2)叶片水势(ΨL)、大气水汽压亏缺(VPD)均对叶片蒸腾速率(EL)有调控作用,小于阈值呈正相关,大于阈值呈负相关。VPD对EL调控阈值为1.9 kPa,ΨLEL调控阈值为−3.7 MPa。VPD对叶片导度(gL)有显著调控作用,调控阈值为0.9 kPa,小于阈值呈正相关,大于阈值呈负相关。(3)沙柳木质部栓塞脆弱性曲线呈“r”形,引起枝条50%导水率损失的压力值(P50)为0.73 MPa。(4)整体上看,正午木质部传导度(Ks)与正午叶片传导度(gL)是正相关的。Ks与黎明前叶水势(ΨS)呈现正相关关系,而gL受VPD影响较大导致其与ΨS相关性弱。gLKs对于土壤干旱(ΨS降低)的相对敏感性(ϭ)为 1.035 。
      结论   以上结果表明,随着水分胁迫加重,木质部在水势较高时便通过降低导水率来减少水分丧失,木质部栓塞到一定程度也不关闭气孔,而是能保持一定的气孔开度。这些适应策略在一定程度上反映了沙柳最大化蒸腾和同化速率的一种机制,对正确认识干旱地区沙柳的水分利用特征有明显的理论意义,为深入研究沙柳的水力限制补偿机理奠定基础。

     

  • 图  枝条液流与土壤−叶片水势的动态变化

    Figure  1.  Dynamic changes of plant sap flow and soil-leaf water potential

    图  正午叶片蒸腾与叶片水势、大气水汽压亏损的关系

           空心圆表示饱和水汽压差大于2.7 kPa的点。Hollow points are the point which VPD is greater than 2.7 kPa.

    Figure  2.  Relationship between leaf transpiration and leaf water potential, vapour pressure deficit

    图  沙柳的栓塞脆弱曲线

    Figure  3.  Vulnerability curves of Salix psammophila

    图  木质部水力导度与气孔导度随土壤水势的变化

    Figure  4.  Changes in Ks and gL with soil potential

    图  沙柳黎明前叶水势与正午叶水势的关系

    Figure  5.  Relationship between predawn and midday leaf water potential of Salix psammophila

    表  1  被测沙柳样株的基本特征及茎流传感器型号

    Table  1.   Basic properties of the measured samples of Salix psammophila and sap flow sensor type

    编号
    No.
    传感器型号
    Sensor type
    茎干直径 Stem diameter/mm 株高 Stem length/m 冠幅 Crown width/m × m
    1 SGA13 12.26 2.5 2.5 × 1.8
    2 SGA13 13.02 2.6 3.0 × 2.1
    3 SGA9 9.12 1.9 2.0 × 1.7
    4 SGA9 9.54 2.1 2.3 × 2.0
    5 SGA9 9.38 2.4 2.1 × 1.9
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  • 收稿日期:  2018-07-25
  • 修回日期:  2018-09-17
  • 发布日期:  2019-11-25
  • 刊出日期:  2023-05-31

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