Dynamic Response of E36 Shipbuilding Steel Under High Pressure Impact
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摘要: 针对船用钢材料在超高应变率下的动态响应机制及变形强化机理尚不明确的技术基础问题，通过一维平板撞击试验测得了10，20及30 GPa撞击压力下E36船用钢的自由表面速率−时间曲线，计算得到了E36船用钢的Hugoniot弹性极限和层裂强度，利用ANSYS软件模拟了不同撞击压力下的温度场；并采用SEM、TEM等技术研究了E36船用钢在高压撞击下的损伤演化规律和变形强化机理. 试验结果表明：不同撞击压力下材料均发生了层裂，毁伤机理为微孔和微裂纹形核、长大和聚合；随着撞击压力的增加，E36船用钢的Hugoniot 弹性极限变化不大，层裂强度逐渐增加，相变强化、位错强化和孪晶强化是E36船用钢在高压、高应变率下的主要强化机制.Abstract: To indicate clearly the dynamic response mechanism and deformation strengthening mechanism of shipbuilding steel materials under ultra-high strain rate, the free surface velocity-time curve of E36 shipbuilding steel under impact pressure of 10, 20 and 30 GPa was measured through one-dimensional plate impact test, and the Hugoniot elastic limit and spall strength of E36 shipbuilding steel were calculated. ANSYS software was used to simulate the temperature field under different impact pressure. The damage evolution law and deformation strengthening mechanism of E36 shipbuilding steel under high-pressure impact were studied based on SEM, TEM and other techniques. The results show that the spalling occurs in the materials under the above mentioned impact pressures, and the damage mechanism is the nucleation, growth and aggregation of micropores and microcracks. With the increase of impact pressure, the Hugoniot elastic limit of E36 shipbuilding steel change little while the spalling strength gradually increases. Phase transformation strengthening, dislocation strengthening and twin strengthening are the main strengthening mechanisms of E36 shipbuilding steel under high pressure and high strain rate.
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图 1 E36船用钢的原始组织
Figure 1. SEM image of the original microstructure of E36 shipbuilding steel
图 2 新型气体驱动二级轻气炮结构示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of new type of gas-driven two-stage light gas gun
图 3 E36 船用钢的自由表面速率−时间曲线
Figure 3. Free surface velocity-time graph of E36 shipbuilding steel
图 4 E36船用钢在不同撞击压力下的温度场
Figure 4. Simulated temperature field of E36 shipbuilding steel under different impact pressures
图 5 铁在不同压力和温度下的平衡相图
Figure 5. Equilibrium phase diagrams of Fe at different pressures and temperatures
图 6 不同撞击压力下 E36 钢的层裂形貌
Figure 6. Spall morphology of E36 steel under different impact pressures
图 7 不同撞击压力下E36钢的SEM组织
Figure 7. SEM images of E36 steel under different impact pressures
图 8 不同撞击压力下E36钢的TEM组织
Figure 8. TEM images of E36 steel under different impact pressures
图 9 不同撞击压力下E36钢中的马氏体TEM形貌
Figure 9. TEM morphology of marten site under different impact pressure
图 10 不同撞击压力下E36钢的TEM形貌
Figure 10. TEM morphology of samples under different impact pressures
表 1 E36船用钢的主要化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1. The main chemical composition of E36 shipbuilding steel (wt. %)
Fe C Mn Si Nb Mo Ti 98.046 0.170 1.400 0.350 0.025 0.006 0.003 
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表 2 E36船用钢的主要物理参数
Table 2. Main physical parameters of E36 shipbuilding steel
$ {\rho _0} $/(g·cm−3) $ {C_{\text{L}}} $/(km·s−1) $ {C_{\text{T}}} $/(km·s−1) $ {C_{\text{B}}} $/(km·s−1) 7.847 5.93 3.22 4.61
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表 3 一维平板撞击试验结果
Table 3. The main results of the one-dimensional plate impact test
$ {u_{\text{f}}} $/(m·s−1) $ {\sigma _{\text{H}}} $/GPa $ {\sigma _{{\text{HEL}}}} $/GPa $ {\sigma _{{\text{SP}}}} $/GPa 527.3 10 2.26 2.81 1225.0 20 2.13 3.60 1563.7 30 2.13 4.97
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