Research on Magnetic Memory Detection and Compensation Method for Early Damage of Tubular Components
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摘要: 筒状构件是一种常用的工程构件，一旦发生事故将会造成重大损失，应力集中是导致构件失效的重要原因。磁记忆检测方法是一种有效的应力集中检测方法。对筒状构件进行圆周扫查时，地磁场的作用变化影响磁记忆检测结果，容易造成应力集中区域的误判。建立铁磁质筒状构件外表面地磁场分布模型，探究地磁场在筒状构件外表面作用效果及补偿方法。试验结果显示，对铁磁质筒状构件进行圆周扫查时，法向分量与幅值约为地磁场的2倍。将磁信号法向分量减去2倍地磁场作为筒状构件磁记忆检测补偿方法，补偿后与直线扫查相关系数稳定在0.8以上，优于传统反向补偿法。提出的筒状构件补偿方法有效提高了应力集中区域定位精度。
筒状构件是一种常用的工程构件，一旦发生事故将会造成重大损失，应力集中是导致构件失效的重要原因。磁记忆检测方法是一种有效的应力集中检测方法。对筒状构件进行圆周扫查时，地磁场的作用变化影响磁记忆检测结果，容易造成应力集中区域的误判。建立铁磁质筒状构件外表面地磁场分布模型，探究地磁场在筒状构件外表面作用效果及补偿方法。试验结果显示，对铁磁质筒状构件进行圆周扫查时，法向分量与幅值约为地磁场的2倍。将磁信号法向分量减去2倍地磁场作为筒状构件磁记忆检测补偿方法，补偿后与直线扫查相关系数稳定在0.8以上，优于传统反向补偿法。提出的筒状构件补偿方法有效提高了应力集中区域定位精度。
Abstract: The tubular member is a commonly used engineering member, which will cause heavy losses in the event of an accident. Stress concentration is an important cause of component failure. Magnetic memory testing method is an effective stress concentration testing method. Circumferential scanning magnetic memory detection is performed on cylindrical components, and changes in the action of the earth's magnetic field affect the detection results, which are likely to cause misjudgment of stress concentration areas. The geomagnetic field distribution model on the outer surface of the ferromagnetic cylindrical member is established, and the effect and compensation method of the geomagnetic field on the outer surface of the cylindrical member are explored. The experimental results show that the normal component and amplitude are about twice the geomagnetic field when the ferromagnetic cylindrical member is scanned circumferentially. The normal component of the magnetic signal minus 2 times the geomagnetic field is used as the magnetic memory detection compensation method for cylindrical components, and the correlation coefficient between the compensation and the linear scan is stable above 0.8, which is better than the traditional reverse compensation method. The proposed compensation method for cylindrical components effectively improves the positioning accuracy of stress concentration areas. -
表 1 圆周扫查磁信号补偿前后与直线扫查磁信号相关性
试件编号 扫查路径 与直线扫查磁信号的相关系数 补偿前 圆周扫查-Hg 反向补偿法 圆周扫查-2Hg 1号铁管 路径1 0.641 26 0.723 49 0.840 39 0.861 46 路径2 0.638 83 0.711 38 0.814 60 0.857 80 路径3 0.620 64 0.689 84 0.778 39 0.824 02 2号铁管 路径1 0.847 89 0.911 84 0.940 23 0.973 32 路径2 0.862 12 0.915 65 0.940 00 0.974 59 路径3 0.855 03 0.909 26 0.934 08 0.967 82 3号铁管 路径1 −0.125 10 0.117 00 0.223 32 0.877 40 路径2 −0.260 26 −0.029 62 0.051 02 0.830 02 路径3 −0.346 89 −0.134 05 −0.026 41 0.792 28 
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表 2 m值超过2.5的区域统计
距起点的距离/mm m值 地磁
90°地磁
30°地磁
−30°地磁
−90°地磁
−150°地磁
150°43 2.96 45 2.95 46 2.63 47 2.84 3.61 48 3.61 49 2.84 3.22 2.66 55 2.63 2.69 2.81 56 2.52 3.66 3.16 57 2.52 58 3.78 60 3.78 5.32 69 5.36 5.60 6.65 5.22 70 3.15 72 3.66 74 2.84 5.92 2.96 75 3.47
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表 3 补偿后m值超过2.5的区域统计
距起点的距离/mm m值 地磁
90°地磁
30°地磁
−30°地磁
−90°地磁
−150°地磁
150°43 5.00 5.33 3.86 44 5.57 45 3.26 46 2.99 47 3.08 2.49 52 3.56 5.49 5.98 5.54 54 2.90 2.65 57 3.69 58 2.82 5.10 3.37 6.53 5.43 59 2.74 3.43 60 6.08 5.81 5.97 5.09 61 3.24
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