Analysis and Control on Pressure Relief Noise of Automobile Turbocharging System
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摘要: 涡轮增压系统在改善汽车动力性和燃油经济性的同时也带来了严重的噪声问题。为控制汽车涡轮增压系统泄压噪声，综合运用计算气动声学方法和动网格技术，分析泄压工况下泄压阀的准稳态响应和涡轮增压系统的瞬态响应，并结合宽带噪声源模型和声类比方法获取涡轮增压系统泄压噪声特性，揭示汽车涡轮增压器连续瞬变工况下泄压噪声的产生原因，明确泄压噪声强度与进气质量流量的关联。泄压噪声主要由壁面涡脱效应引起，呈现宽频特征，且声源强度随质量流量减小而降低。鉴于此，提出通过改进泄压阀结构进行进气质量流量控制进而实现泄压噪声控制，并对泄压阀结构进行改进设计。仿真分析结果表明改进后强声源区域明显减少，总声压级平均降低约24 dB，泄压噪声得到有效控制。改进样件装车试验亦验证控制措施的有效性。该研究为涡轮增压系统泄压噪声分析与控制这一行业难题的解决提供有益参考。
涡轮增压系统在改善汽车动力性和燃油经济性的同时也带来了严重的噪声问题。为控制汽车涡轮增压系统泄压噪声，综合运用计算气动声学方法和动网格技术，分析泄压工况下泄压阀的准稳态响应和涡轮增压系统的瞬态响应，并结合宽带噪声源模型和声类比方法获取涡轮增压系统泄压噪声特性，揭示汽车涡轮增压器连续瞬变工况下泄压噪声的产生原因，明确泄压噪声强度与进气质量流量的关联。泄压噪声主要由壁面涡脱效应引起，呈现宽频特征，且声源强度随质量流量减小而降低。鉴于此，提出通过改进泄压阀结构进行进气质量流量控制进而实现泄压噪声控制，并对泄压阀结构进行改进设计。仿真分析结果表明改进后强声源区域明显减少，总声压级平均降低约24 dB，泄压噪声得到有效控制。改进样件装车试验亦验证控制措施的有效性。该研究为涡轮增压系统泄压噪声分析与控制这一行业难题的解决提供有益参考。
Abstract: While the turbocharging system improves automotive acceleration and fuel economy, it also brings serious noise problems. In order to control the pressure relief noise of automotive turbocharging system, the quasi-steady-state response of the pressure relief valve and the transient-state response of the turbocharging system under the pressure relief conditions are analyzed using the computational aeroacoustics method and the dynamic mesh technology. Combining the broadband noise source models and the acoustic analogy method, the pressure relief noise characteristics of the turbocharging system are obtained. The causes of pressure relief noise under continuous transient condition of automotive turbocharger are revealed, and the relationship between pressure relief noise intensity and intake mass flow rate is clarified. The results show that the pressure relief noise with broadband characteristics is mainly caused by vortex shedding of wall, and the sound source intensity decreases with the decrease of mass flow rate. On this basis, a strategy to control pressure relief noise by reducing the intake mass flow rate is proposed, and the structure of the pressure relief valve is redesigned. After the improvement, the area of the high-intensity sound source is significantly reduced, the total sound pressure level is reduced by about 24 dB on average, and the pressure relief noise is effectively controlled. The effect of the pressure relief noise control is also verified by the actual vehicle test of the physical prototype. The research provides a useful reference for the analysis and control of the pressure relief noise of turbocharging systems commonly faced in the automotive industry.-
Key words:
- automobile /
- turbocharging system /
- pressure relief noise /
- control /
- pressure relief valve
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表 1 参数取值
参数 工况1 工况2 工况3 实际排放压力Pd/MPa 0.13 0.18 0.23 最小流道面积A/mm2 59.7~226.9 59.7~226.9 59.7~226.9 函数C 2.7 2.7 2.7 比体积V/(m3/kg) 0.843 0.655 0.522 排量修正系数Kb 0.88 0.99 1.00 
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