海底地下水排放对典型红树林蓝碳收支的影响

王亚丽; 张芬芬; 陈小刚; 李林蔚; 王希龙; 劳燕玲; 杜金洲

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.10.004

海底地下水排放对典型红树林蓝碳收支的影响——以广西珍珠湾为例

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.10.004

王亚丽^1,,
张芬芬^1, ,,
陈小刚¹,
李林蔚¹,
王希龙²,
劳燕玲^{2, 3},
杜金洲^{1, 4}

详细信息

作者简介:
王亚丽（1994-），女，河南省长葛市人，主要从事近海生物地球化学研究。E-mail：51173904023@stu.ecnu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张芬芬，副教授，主要从事碳循环、海洋生物地球化学研究。E-mail： ffzhang@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P714⁺.4；P734.2⁺4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-01-09
- 修回日期: 2020-02-13
- 发布日期: 2020-12-07

Influence of submarine groundwater discharge in the blue carbon budget of typical mangrove: A case study from the Zhenzhu Bay, Guangxi

Wang Yali^1
,,
Zhang Fenfen^{1
, ,},
Chen Xiaogang¹,
Li Linwei¹,
Wang Xilong²,
Lao Yanling^{2, 3},
Du Jinzhou^{1, 4}

摘要

摘要: 海底地下水排放(Submarine Groundwater Discharge，SGD)是陆海相互作用的重要表现形式之一，其携带的物质对近岸海域生源要素的收支有重要影响。本文利用²²²Rn示踪技术估算了我国典型红树林海湾—广西珍珠湾在2019年枯季(1月)SGD携带的碳通量。调查发现，地下水中²²²Rn活度、溶解无机碳(DIC)和溶解有机碳(DOC)的平均浓度均高于河水和湾内表层海水。利用²²²Rn质量平衡模型估算得到珍珠湾SGD速率为(0.36±0.36) m/d，SGD输入到珍珠湾的DIC和DOC通量分别为(2.41±2.63)×10⁷ mol/d和(1.96±2.20)×10⁶ mol/d。珍珠湾溶解碳的源汇收支表明，SGD携带的DIC和DOC分别占珍珠湾总DIC和总DOC来源的91%和89%。因此，SGD携带的DIC和DOC是珍珠湾DIC和DOC的主要来源，是海岸带蓝碳收支和生物地球化学循环过程中的重要组成。
- 海底地下水排放 /
- 氡-222 /
- 红树林 /
- 碳收支 /
- 蓝碳
Abstract: As one of the forms of land-ocean interactions, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can release solutes into the coastal sea and has a significant impact on the nutrients budget in coastal seawater. Here, using ²²²Rn tracer, the SGD and the associated dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) inputted to the Zhenzhu Bay, a typical mangrove-dominated bay, were quantified. The results show that the average concentrations of ²²²Rn, DIC and DOC in groundwater are relatively higher than those in river water and surface sea water. A ²²²Rn mass balance implies that SGD rate is (0.36±0.36) m/d during January 2019. And SGD-derived DIC and DOC fluxes are estimated to be (2.41±2.63)×10⁷ mol/d and (1.96±2.20)×10⁶ mol/d. It confirmed that SGD-derived carbon is the most important carbon source in this bay, with 91% DIC and 89% DOC of the total input fluxes by SGD, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of groundwater-derived carbon fluxes in the Zhenzhu Bay, especially in the blue carbon assessments and biogeochemical process in tidal zones such as mangrove ecosystems.
- submarine groundwater discharge /
- ²²²Rn /
- mangrove /
- carbon budget /
- blue carbon

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图 1 研究区域（a），采样站位（b）和连续观测站现场图（c）

Figure 1. Study area (a), sampling stations (b), and the continuous monitoring system in the field (c)

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图 2 沿海地区SGD通量的²²²Rn质量平衡模型

红色箭头代表源项，黑色箭头代表汇项；修改自Burnett和Dulaiova^[28]

Figure 2. The conceptual model of the ²²²Rn mass balance used to estimate submarine groundwater discharge in coastal zones

Red arrows: sources, black arrows: sinks; modified from Burnett and Dulaiova^[28]

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图 3 连续观测期间²²²Rn活度、温度、盐度、DIC和DOC浓度及水深随时间变化

Figure 3. Temporal variation of ²²²Rn activities, temperature, salinity, DIC and DOC concentrations versus water depth during the time series observation

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图 4 连续观测期间²²²Rn的净通量F_net（灰色柱状图）和混合损失F_mix（蓝色虚线）随时间变化

Figure 4. Net ²²²Rn flux (rectangles) and mixing loss of ²²²Rn (dotted line) versus time based on continuous ²²²Rn observation

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图 5 珍珠湾DIC（a）和DOC（b）收支

Figure 5. DIC (a) and DOC (b) budgets in the Zhenzhu Bay

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表 1 珍珠湾沿岸地下水和河水的盐度，²²²Rn活度，DIC和DOC浓度

Table 1. The salinity, ²²²Rn activities, DIC and DOC concentrations in groundwater and river water collected along the coast of the Zhenzhu Bay

站位	经纬度	盐度	水深/m	离海距离/m	²²²Rn/Bq·m⁻³	DOC/mol·m⁻³	DIC/mol·m⁻³
PW1	21.617 8°N，108.252 8°E	27.0	0.5	0	1 083±175	0.16	1.50
PW2	21.584 4°N，108.137 8°E	28.8	0.5	0	1 064±169	0.19	1.23
PW3	21.559 2°N，108.140 0°E	19.3	0.6	0	2 410±256	0.06	0.82
PW4	21.053 2°N，108.186 4°E	−	1.0	0	3 565±292	0.08	2.37
GW	21.508 6°N，108.221 4°E	0.3	1.5	100	8 050±472	0.08	1.02
RW	21.594 2°N，108.221 4°E	0.6	−	−	640±122	0.08	0.13
注：−表示无数据。

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表 2 2019年1月珍珠湾²²²Rn的源汇收支

Table 2. The sources and sinks of ²²²Rn in the Zhenzhu Bay during January 2019

	²²²Rn通量/Bq·m⁻²·h⁻¹	各项贡献
源项
河流输入	0.24±0.04	0.30%
涨潮输入	29.52±14.09	37.00%
溶解²²⁶Ra贡献	0.09±0.05	0.11%
底部沉积物扩散	0.76±0.01	0.95%
SGD输入	49.16±49.09	61.63%
汇项
退潮输出	38.83±21.91	43.27%
大气逃逸	1.32±0.79	1.47%
²²²Rn衰变损失	0.02±0.01	0.02%
混合损失	49.57±37.39	55.24%

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表 3 全球典型红树林生态系统SGD速率及其携带的DIC和DOC通量

Table 3. SGD rates and associated DIC and DOC fluxes from previous study in typical mangroves ecosystems worldwide

研究区域	SGD /cm·d⁻¹	SGD输送的DIC 通量/mol·m⁻²·d⁻¹	SGD输送的DOC 通量/mol·m⁻²·d⁻¹
澳大利亚摩尔顿湾^[7]	−	0.25	0.024
澳大利亚华斯顿和加拿曼湾^[16]	6.7～27	0.13～0.45	0～0.025
澳大利亚摩尔顿湾^[14]	4.4	0.16	0.036
澳大利亚珊瑚溪^[3]	35.5	−	−
澳大利亚哈特角河口^[15]	47	0.69	0.54
中国广西茅尾海^[8]	20～36	0.25～0.70	0.25～0.31
越南芹椰县红树林潮溪^[40]	3.1～7.1	0.35～0.68	0.021～0.068
帕劳巴贝达奥普火山岛红树林溪^[41]	3.3	0.079	0.035
帕劳巴贝达奥普火山岛红树林溪^[41]	6.2	0.01	0.008
中国广西珍珠湾	36	0.50	0.04
注：−表示无数据。

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