爆破当量研究综述

孔韩东; 王婷婷

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4975.2018.02.003

爆破当量研究综述

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4975.2018.02.003

孔韩东^,,
王婷婷

详细信息

通讯作者:
孔韩东，e-mail： khddota@163.com

中图分类号: TL91, P315.3⁺2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-02-27
- 修回日期: 2017-07-07
- 发布日期: 2018-02-01

Review of explosive yield estimation

Kong Handong^,,
Wang Tingting

摘要

摘要: 利用地震学方法估算爆破当量，一直以来都是地震学研究的难点之一。影响当量估算的因素很多，如震源特征、事件埋深、传播路径、能量衰减、地壳结构的不均匀性，等等。想要精确估算特定事件的当量，除了要克服以上各种困难外，还需选择合适的当量经验公式。当量与事件所释放的能量直接相关，震级在一定程度上可以反映能量的大小。目前使用的当量估算公式主要是震级-当量关系公式，其中，有利用体波震级、面波震级以及尾波估算当量的，各有利弊。本文的主要目的是总结目前存在的当量估算公式，并对其影响因素做简单分析。重点描述地下核试验当量估算，汇总了历次朝鲜核试验的信息。
- 当量估算 /
- 震级-当量估算公式 /
- 地下核爆破
Abstract: Yield estimation of explosions using seismic methods is always a difficult problem in seismology. There are many factors that can affect the result of yield estimation such as source characteristics, depth of burial, propagation path, attenuation, variation of the crustal structure and so on. An accurate yield estimation needs a suitable relationship which is always empirical and must solve the problems mentioned above. Yield is directly related to the power released by the events that somewhat can be expressed with magnitude. Magnitude-yield estimation relationship is commonly used in yield estimation including body-wave magnitude, surface-wave magnitude and coda wave magnitude, each has its advantages and disadvantages. The main purpose of the paper is to summarize the existing yield estimation relationships and make a simple analysis on interference factors. We focus on the description of underground nuclear explosions’ yield and summarize the information of North Korea underground nuclear explosions.
- Yield estimation /
- magnitude-yield estimation relationship /
- underground nuclear explosion

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图 1 震级-当量经验公式^{[36, 41, 49-50]}。其中，实线部分是观测所得，虚线部分是推测值。水平的虚线指示NKT2的m_b（Lg）估计值为4.53^[43]

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图 2 不同试验场的M_S-lgY关系。用Bonner等^[57]中的校正项将Bache^[11]与Stevens和Murphy^[52]的关系式变为M_S（VMAX）。灰色区域代表朝鲜爆破±1的M_S（VMAX）估算值^[58]

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图 3 使用Vergino和Mensing^[44]的关系式，由m_b（P_n）（Denny等^[45]）计算出的当量。误差线基于Vergino和Mensing^[44]中对参数误差的分析。当量与尾波振幅的比例关系依赖于场点位置。最小的事件是一个非常弱、高孔隙度介质中的浅源爆破^[63]

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表 1 朝鲜5次核试验基本资料

事件	纬度/°N	经度/°E	相对位置	作者
2006-10-09T01:35:29.900	41.263 8	129.085 9	卫星图象	Rodgers等^[72]
2006-10-09T01:35:28.000	41.287 4	129.108 3		Wen等^[73]
2006-10-09	41.286 7	129.090 2		Murphy等^[74]
2009-05-25	41.275 0	129.089 0	09 to 06：0.4 km north，1.8 km west	Selby^[75]
2009-05-25T00:54:43.180	41.293 9	129.087 1	09 to 06：723 m north，2235 m west	Wen等^[73]
2009-05-25T00:54:45.300	41.292 5	129.065 7	09 to 06：0.5 km north，2.3 km west	Murphy等^[74]
2009-05-25T00:54:43.110	41.293 6	129.077 0		Zhao等^[76]
2009-05-25			09 to 06：503 m north，2589 m west	潘常周等^[77]
2013-02-12T02:57:51.331	41.290 8	129.076 3	13 to 09：345 m south，453 m west	Zhang等^[42]
2013-02-12T02:57:51.270	41.292 3	129.072 7	13 to 09：125 m south，360 m west	Zhao等^[76]
2013-02-12			13 to 09：257 m south，385 m west	潘常周等^[77]
2016-01-06	41.298 0	129.071 5	1601 to 13：800 m north，400 m west	http://seis.ustc.edu.cn/News/201601/t20160106_234889.html
2016-01-06T01:30:00.970	41.300 3	129.067 8	1601 to 13：900 m north，500 m west	Zhao等^[78]
2016-09-09	41.298 5	129.078 0		http://seis.ustc.edu.cn/News/201609/t20160909_253322.html

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 朝鲜5次核试验研究成果

事件	震级	深度/m	Y/kt	误差	作者
2006			0.2～2	Pg/Lg、Pn/Lg幅值比	Koper等^[80]
	m_b（Lg）=3.93		0.48	大于2 Hz的Pg/Lg，Pn/Lg	Zhao等^[88]
			0.6～1.7		Schlittenhardt等^[82]
	m_b（Lg）=4.32±0.13；M_S=2.88±0.11	200	1.22	3～11 Hz的Pg/Lg幅值比	Chun等 ^[83]
		20～300	0.2～0.8		Pasyanos等^[84]
	M_S=2.93±0.19		0.42～3.17		范娜等^[81]
	M_S=2.93±0.20	200	0.9	m_b-M_S识别失效	Murphy等^[74]
2009			3.45～6.36		Kim等^[89]
	M_W=4.5，m_b=4.6±0.1；M_S=3.6±0.1			m_b-M_S判据失效；大于4 Hz的Pn/Lg比有效	Shin等^[90]
	m_b=4.86±0.13；M_S= 3.52±0.16	550	6.51	3～11 Hz的Pg/Lg幅值比	Chun等^[83]
		70～600	1～5		Pasyanos等^[84]
	m_b（Lg）=4.53		2.35	m_b-M_S失效	Zhao等^[43]
	M_S=3.66±0.10	550	4.6		Murphy等^[74]
	M_S=3.62±0.21		2.06～15.53		范娜等^[81]
	m_b（Lg）=4.53±0.12		7.0±1.9	Pg/Lg比值识别	Zhang等^[42]
2013	m_b（Lg）=4.91±0.22		7.47	大于2 Hz的P/S幅值比	Zhao等^[76]
	m_b（Lg）=4.89±0.14		12.2±3.8		Zhang等^[42]
2016-01	m_b（Lg）=4.7±0.2		4（误差范围2～8 kt）		Zhao等^[78]
2016-01			11.3±4.2		http://seis.ustc.edu.cn/News/201601/t20160106_234889.html
2016-09			17.8±5.9		http://seis.ustc.edu.cn/News/201609/t20160909_253322.html
2016-09			6（误差范围为3～12 kt）		http://www.igg.cas.cn/xwzx/kyjz/201609/t20160910_4660761.html

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表 3 CENC和USGS关于朝鲜5次核试验的研究成果

机构	事件	纬度/°N	经度/°E	震级
	2006-10-09T09:35:26.7	41.30	129.10	M4.0
	2009-05-25T08:54:45.3	41.30	129.00	M4.5
CENC	2013-02-12T10:57:52.8	41.30	129.00	M4.9
	2016-01-06T09:30:01.9	41.30	129.10	M4.9
	2016-09-09T08:30:00.0	41.40	129.10	M5.0
	2006-10-09T01:35:28.02（UTC）	41.294	129.094	m_b4.3
	2009-05-25T00:54:43.12（UTC）	41.303	129.037	m_b4.7
USGS	2013-02-12T02:57:51.30（UTC）	41.308	129.076	m_b5.1
	2016-01-06T01:30:02.00（UTC）	41.305	129.039	m_b5.1
	2016-09-09T00:30:01.89（UTC）	41.298	129.015	m_b5.3

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