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不同干燥方式对甘薯固体香料挥发性/半挥发性成分和表面结构的影响

崔春 梁佳欣 袁梦 高明奇 陈芝飞 张弛 杨雯静 邢雨晴 黄家乐 许春平

崔春,梁佳欣,袁梦,等. 不同干燥方式对甘薯固体香料挥发性/半挥发性成分和表面结构的影响[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(10):27−35. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022070033
引用本文: 崔春,梁佳欣,袁梦,等. 不同干燥方式对甘薯固体香料挥发性/半挥发性成分和表面结构的影响[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(10):27−35. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022070033
CUI Chun, LIANG jiaxin, YUAN Meng, et al. Effects of Different Drying Methods on Volatile/Semi-volatile Components and Surface Structure of Sweet Potato Solid Spice[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(10): 27−35. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022070033
Citation: CUI Chun, LIANG jiaxin, YUAN Meng, et al. Effects of Different Drying Methods on Volatile/Semi-volatile Components and Surface Structure of Sweet Potato Solid Spice[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(10): 27−35. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022070033

不同干燥方式对甘薯固体香料挥发性/半挥发性成分和表面结构的影响

doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022070033
基金项目: 河南省科技创新团队计划(20IRTSTHN022);河南中烟工业有限公司对外合作项目(2021410001300084)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    崔春(1986−)(ORCID:0000−0001−8097−1066),女,硕士,工程师,研究方向:卷烟材料和烟草化学,E-mail:cuichun1215@163.com

    通讯作者:

    许春平(1977−)(ORCID:0000−0003−4313−5127),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品科学和烟草工程,E-mail:xuchunping05@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TS215

Effects of Different Drying Methods on Volatile/Semi-volatile Components and Surface Structure of Sweet Potato Solid Spice

  • 摘要: 为了比较不同干燥方式对甘薯固体香料的影响,本研究以新鲜的甘薯为研究对象,烘烤后进行红外干燥、冷冻干燥、微波真空干燥和真空干燥,用气相色谱-质谱法(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS)分析检测甘薯固体香料的挥发性/半挥发性成分,并进行主成分分析探究不同干燥方法对挥发性/半挥发性成分的影响,用扫描电子显微镜探究不同的干燥方式对其表面结构的影响。结果表明:干燥后甘薯固体香料挥发性/半挥发性物质含量从高到低依次为真空干燥、微波真空干燥、红外干燥、冷冻干燥,含量最高为128.87 μg/g,主要香味物质有对甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯、棕榈油酸、香叶基芳樟醇、5-羟甲基糠醛、(9Z)-十八碳-9,17-二烯醛。真空干燥固体香料表面结构相较于其他三种干燥方式,真空干燥的表面有较多的水分蒸发通道及孔洞,且结构密度适中,对固体香料的吸附能力及挥发香味有积极影响。综上所述,真空干燥适用于甘薯固体香料的干燥制备,为甘薯固体香料的开发应用奠定了理论基础。

     

  • 图  甘薯不同干燥方式的GC-MS总离子流图

    Figure  1.  GC-MS total ion flow diagram of sweet potato by different drying methods

    图  四种不同干燥方式甘薯挥发性/半挥发性物质主成分载荷值

    注:图2序号表示的挥发物质同表3

    Figure  2.  Principal component loading values of volatile/semi-volatile substances in sweet potato under four different drying methods

    图  四种不同干燥方式甘薯挥发性/半挥发性物质聚类热图

    Figure  3.  Cluster heat diagram of volatile/semi-volatile substances in sweet potato under four different drying methods

    图  不同干燥方法干燥后的甘薯颗粒的表面形貌

    注:a为真空干燥;b为冷冻干燥;c为微波真空干燥;d为红外干燥。

    Figure  4.  Surface morphology of sweet potato granules by different drying methods

    表  1  四种干燥方式甘薯挥发性/半挥发性成分分析

    Table  1.   Volatile/semi-volatile components of sweet potato by different drying methods

    类别化合物CAS号含量(μg/g)
    红外干燥冷冻干燥微波真空干燥真空干燥
    萜烯类角鲨烯000111-02-40.600.931.222.12
    β-石竹烯000087-44-50.03
    d-柠檬烯005989-27-50.27
    小计0.600.971.502.12
    酯类棕榈酸甲酯000112-39-00.100.100.220.31
    反式-4-甲氧基肉桂酸异辛酯083834-59-70.260.240.66
    对甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯005466-77-30.180.160.200.59
    二氢猕猴桃内酯015356-74-80.330.180.370.45
    小计0.870.441.032.01
    酸类正壬酸000112-05-00.100.040.09
    月桂酸000143-07-70.100.500.180.30
    肉豆蔻酸000544-63-80.350.520.541.01
    十五烷酸001002-84-20.540.580.810.74
    棕榈油酸000373-49-90.040.110.70
    棕榈酸000057-10-36.600.0635.9967.83
    十七酸000506-12-70.470.471.37
    亚油酸000060-33-313.447.8912.8922.62
    油酸000112-80-13.702.65
    硬脂酸000057-11-42.182.733.085.19
    小计27.5214.9454.1199.85
    醇类4-异丙基苯甲醇000536-60-70.070.08
    香叶基香叶醇024034-73-90.410.57
    植物醇000150-86-70.240.68
    橙花醇000106-25-20.07
    香叶醇000106-24-10.11
    (1S,2E,4R,7E,11E)-2,7,11-西柏三烯-4-醇025269-17-40.85
    β-桉叶醇000473-15-40.23
    (6Z,9Z)-6,9-十五碳二烯-1-醇077899-11-73.36
    香叶基芳樟醇001113-21-91.09
    小计0.721.024.161.86
    酚类2-甲氧基-4-乙烯苯酚007786-61-00.170.300.200.24
    2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚000128-37-00.060.120.090.11
    2,4-二叔丁基酚000096-76-40.120.200.160.21
    异丁香酚000097-54-10.13
    2,2'-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)000119-47-10.514.824.466.38
    小计0.865.574.916.95
    醛类苯甲醛000100-52-70.16
    苯乙醛000122-78-10.460.260.540.45
    β-环柠檬醛000432-25-70.060.090.07
    香兰素000121-33-50.04
    E-15-七烯醛1000130-97-90.430.411.04
    3,7-二甲基-3,6-辛二烯醛055722-59-30.15
    (E)-柠檬醛000106-26-31.08
    柠檬醛005392-40-51.54
    反式-2,4-癸二烯醛025152-84-50.02
    肉豆蔻醛000124-25-40.070.06
    5-羟甲基糠醛000067-47-00.09
    (9Z)-十八碳-9,17-二烯醛056554-35-96.87
    小计1.143.111.118.51
    酮类1,2-环己二酮000765-87-70.36
    2-甲基-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮000118-71-81.240.390.391.06
    大马士酮023726-93-40.090.060.120.11
    β-紫罗兰酮000079-77-60.180.170.260.22
    4-[2,2,6-三甲基-7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]庚-1-基]-3-丁烯-2-酮023267-57-40.170.150.270.24
    2-羟基环十五酮004727-18-80.490.740.511.15
    1-[5-(3-呋喃基)四氢呋喃-2-甲基-2-呋喃基]-4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮036238-02-50.150.19
    小计2.531.661.742.78
    其他2-乙酰基吡咯001072-83-90.420.110.15
    1,4-二乙酰苯001009-61-60.070.060.080.13
    1-(3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯酚)丙烯020675-95-00.04
    (Z)-9-十八烯腈000112-91-40.170.190.50
    棕榈酰胺000629-54-90.250.400.69
    油酸酰胺000301-02-00.320.280.690.91
    芥酸酰胺000112-84-51.113.041.342.42
    小计2.393.382.814.81
    总计36.6231.0871.35128.87
    注:“−”表示未检出。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  甘薯固体香料挥发性/半挥发性成分的主成分特征值与贡献率

    Table  2.   Principal component eigenvalues and contribution rate of volatile/semi-volatile components from sweet potato solid spice

    成分起始特征值 提取平方和载入
    总计方差(%)累积贡献率(%)总计方差(%)累积贡献率(%)
    128.0449.1849.18 28.0449.1849.18
    217.0829.9679.1417.0829.9679.14
    311.8920.86100.0011.8920.86100.00
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  甘薯固体香料挥发性/半挥发成分的主成分因子载荷矩阵

    Table  3.   Principal component factor loading matrix of volatile/semi-volatile components from sweet potato solid spice

    序号指标主成分
    123
    1角鲨烯0.820.57−0.02
    2β-石竹烯−0.780.620.11
    3d-柠檬烯0.12−0.21−0.97
    4棕榈酸甲酯0.920.33−0.20
    5反式-4-甲氧基肉桂酸异辛酯0.970.030.24
    6对甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯0.870.400.30
    7正壬酸0.67−0.580.47
    8月桂酸−0.390.910.11
    9肉豆蔻酸0.770.630.12
    10十五烷酸0.650.22−0.73
    11棕榈油酸0.890.380.25
    12棕榈酸0.960.27−0.12
    13十七酸0.970.090.23
    14亚油酸0.960.060.26
    15油酸−0.72−0.400.57
    16硬脂酸0.820.560.10
    174-异丙基苯甲醇0.62−0.280.73
    18香叶基香叶醇0.00−0.80−0.60
    19植物醇0.810.150.57
    20橙花醇−0.780.620.11
    21香叶醇−0.780.620.11
    22(1S,2E,4R,7E,11E)-2,7,11-西柏三烯-4-醇−0.780.620.11
    23β-桉叶醇0.12−0.21−0.97
    24(6Z,9Z)-6,9-十五碳二烯-1-醇0.12−0.21−0.97
    25香叶基芳樟醇0.830.440.36
    262-甲氧基-4-乙烯苯酚−0.350.930.09
    272,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚−0.031.00−0.09
    282,4-二叔丁基酚0.210.980.03
    292,2'-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)0.400.88−0.25
    30苯甲醛−0.17−0.850.50
    31苯乙醛0.66−0.61−0.44
    32β-环柠檬醛−0.93−0.13−0.36
    33香兰素−0.17−0.850.50
    34E-15-七烯醛0.980.010.22
    353,7-二甲基-3,6-辛二烯醛−0.780.620.11
    36(E)-柠檬醛−0.780.620.11
    37柠檬醛−0.780.620.11
    38反式-2,4-癸二烯醛0.12−0.21−0.97
    39肉豆蔻醛0.770.16−0.62
    405-羟甲基糠醛0.830.440.36
    41(9Z)-十八碳-9,17-二烯醛0.830.440.36
    421,2-环己二酮−0.17−0.850.50
    432-甲基-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮0.46−0.480.75
    44异丁香酚−0.780.620.11
    45大马士酮0.82−0.30−0.48
    46β-紫罗兰酮0.62−0.06−0.79
    474-[2,2,6-三甲基-7-氧杂二环[4.1.-]庚-1-基]-
    3-丁烯-2-酮
    0.76−0.02−0.66
    482-羟基环十五酮0.580.720.40
    49二氢猕猴桃内酯0.98−0.21−0.06
    501-[5-(3-呋喃基)四氢呋喃-2-甲基-2-呋喃基]-4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮−0.470.27−0.84
    512-乙酰基吡咯0.18−0.880.44
    521,4-二乙酰苯0.940.290.17
    531-(3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯酚)丙烯−0.17−0.850.50
    54(Z)-9-十八烯腈0.980.080.19
    55棕榈酰胺1.000.01−0.03
    56油酸酰胺0.930.26−0.25
    57芥酸酰胺−0.220.940.25
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-07-05
  • 刊出日期:  2023-05-15

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