火龙果热泵干燥特性及收缩动力学模型分析

韩琭丛; 金听祥; 张振亚; 王广红; 刘建秀

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022070147

火龙果热泵干燥特性及收缩动力学模型分析

doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022070147

郑州轻工业大学能源与动力工程学院，河南郑州 450002

基金项目: 郑州轻工业大学博士科研基金（2020BSJJ082）；河南省科技攻关项目（222102320075）；国家自然科学基金联合基金（U190410595）；河南省研究生教育创新培养基地项目（YJS2021JD05）。

详细信息

作者简介:
韩琭丛（1998−），男，硕士研究生，研究方向：热泵干燥，E-mail：hlc980416@163.com

通讯作者:
金听祥（1976−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：制冷空调设备新技术及关键部件研究，E-mail：txjin@126.com

中图分类号: TS255.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-14
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-15

Drying Characteristics and Shrinkage Model Analysis of Pitaya Heat Pump Drying

School of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China

摘要

摘要: 为了优化火龙果热泵干燥工艺及提升干燥后产品的品质，本文研究了干燥温度、切片厚度和相对湿度对火龙果热泵干燥特性和体积比的影响，并确定了最佳收缩动力学模型，从而可以预测火龙果在不同热泵干燥条件下的体积变化规律。结果表明，干燥温度越高、切片厚度和相对湿度越小，干燥速率越大；其中，干燥温度对干燥速率影响最大，切片厚度影响最小；体积比随干燥温度的升高、切片厚度和相对湿度的减小而减小；对比分析5种薄层干燥模型，Quadratic模型可以精确描述火龙果热泵干燥过程中的体积收缩规律，计算值相对于试验值的平均误差为5.01%；在本文所述热泵干燥条件下，通过阿累尼乌斯方程计算出火龙果的收缩活化能为27.185 kJ/mol。本研究借助体积收缩模型优化热泵干燥工艺参数并获得更合适体积的干制品，可为火龙果在热泵干燥过程中体积收缩规律提供技术支持。
- 火龙果 /
- 热泵干燥 /
- 干燥特性 /
- 收缩动力学 /
- 活化能
Abstract: In order to optimize the pitaya heat pump drying process and improve the quality of dried products, the effects of drying temperature, slice thickness and relative humidity on heat pump drying characteristics and the volume ratio of pitaya were studied. The optimal shrinkage dynamic model was determined to predict the volume variation law under different heat pump drying conditions. The results demonstrated that the drying rate increased with the increase of drying temperature, the decrease of slice thickness and relative humidity. The drying temperature had the greatest effect on it while the slice thickness had the least. The volume ratio decreased with the increase of drying temperature and the decrease of slice thickness and relative humidity. Comparing and analyzing the five thin-layer drying models, the Quadratic model was determined as the most accurate to describe the volume ratio law in the pitaya heat pump drying process. The average error of the calculated value was 5.01% compared with the test value. Under the heat pump drying conditions described in this paper, the contraction activation energy of the pitaya was calculated to be 27.185 kJ/mol by Arrhenius equation. Based on the volume shrinkage model, the process parameters of heat pump drying could be optimized and the dry products with more appropriate volume could be obtained. This study could provide technical support for the volume shrinkage law of pitaya in the heat pump drying process.
- pitaya /
- heat pump drying /
- drying characteristics /
- shrinkage dynamics /
- activation energy

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图 1 不同干燥条件下火龙果水分比和干燥速率曲线

Figure 1. Moisture ratio and drying rate curve of pitaya at different drying conditions

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图 2 不同干燥条件下火龙果体积比曲线

Figure 2. Volume ratio curve of pitaya under different drying conditions

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图 3 实验值与拟合值对比图

Figure 3. Comparison between experimental values and fitting values

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图 4 不同干燥温度下火龙果的收缩活化能

Figure 4. Shrinkage activation energy of pitaya at different drying temperatures

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表 1 体积收缩模型

Table 1. Volume shrinkage model

模型序号	模型名称	模型方程
1	Exponential	$\rm {V_R} = aexp\left( {bMR} \right)$
2	Quadratic	$\rm {V_R} = a+bMR{\text{ } }+cM{R^2}$
3	Hatamipour	$\rm {V_R} = a+b{\text{MR} }$
4	1阶	$\rm {V_R} = {V_{R0} }exp\left( { - kt} \right)$
5	Weibull分布函数	$\rm { {\text{V} }_{\text{R} } } = exp[ - {\left(\dfrac{t}{\alpha }\right)^\beta }]$

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表 2 火龙果片热泵干燥过程体积收缩模型的拟合结果

Table 2. Fitting results of shrinkage models of pitaya chips during heat pump drying process

序号	模型表达式	模型参数				R²	RSS	χ²
	Exponential模型	a		b
1	$\rm {V_R} = aexp\left( {bMR} \right)$	0.2538		0.3488		0.9099	0.1256	0.0047
2		0.2447		0.3416		0.9036	0.1148	0.005
3		0.1993		0.3443		0.9535	0.0323	0.0017
4		0.223		0.349		0.9211	0.075	0.0036
5		0.2515		0.3306		0.9044	0.1148	0.0048
6		0.2217		0.3306		0.92	0.0624	0.003
7		0.2463		0.3533		0.9066	0.1121	0.0047
	Quadratic模型	a	b		c
1	$\rm {V_R} = a+bMR{\text{ } }+cM{R^2}$	0.2081	0.2188		−0.0077	0.9816	0.0256	9.86E-4
2		0.1961	0.2214		−0.0104	0.9871	0.0154	6.99E-4
3		0.1727	0.1549		−9.7E-4	0.9965	0.0024	1.34E-4
4		0.1832	0.197		−0.0067	0.9912	0.0084	4.18E-4
5		0.2038	0.2217		−0.0116	0.9902	0.0118	5.14E-4
6		0.1832	0.195		−0.0108	0.996	0.0031	1.55E-4
7		0.202	0.2099		−0.0063	0.9769	0.0274	0.0011
	Hatamipour模型	a		b
1	$\rm {V_R} = a+b{\text{MR} }$	0.2136		0.1925		0.9796	0.0285	0.0011
2		0.2038		0.1847		0.9827	0.0206	8.96E-4
3		0.1734		0.1513		0.9965	0.0025	2.29E-4
4		0.1878		0.1734		0.9892	0.0102	4.87E-4
5		0.2124		0.1806		0.9843	0.0188	7.85E-4
6		0.191		0.1564		0.9896	0.0081	3.86E-4
7		0.2068		0.1886		0.9754	0.0292	0.0012
	1阶模型	V_R0		k
1	$\rm {V_R} = {V_{R0} }exp\left( { - kt} \right)$	0.9399		0.0829		0.8383	0.2255	0.0084
2		0.9461		0.0999		0.8733	0.1509	0.0066
3		0.7968		0.1246		0.8341	0.1153	0.0061
4		0.8703		0.1086		0.835	0.1593	0.0072
5		0.9302		0.0923		0.8687	0.1576	0.0066
6		0.8074		0.1014		0.9009	0.0773	0.0037
7		0.9228		0.0908		0.8594	0.1666	0.0069
	Weibull分布函数	α		β
1	$\rm { {\text{V} }_{\text{R} } } = exp[ - {\left(\dfrac{t}{\alpha }\right)^\beta }]$	10.9188		0.7816		0.8826	0.1616	0.0062
2		9.2295		0.7884		0.902	0.1168	0.0051
3		5.6397		0.6511		0.907	0.0646	0.0034
4		7.462		0.7058		0.8894	0.1068	0.0049
5		9.7687		0.7697		0.9024	0.1172	0.0049
6		7.1387		0.6707		0.9512	0.0381	0.0018
7		9.8225		0.7597		0.8961	0.1231	0.0051

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表 3 参数a、b、c的待定系数值

Table 3. Undetermined coefficients of parameters a, b and c

待定系数	α	β	γ	χ
a	0.2763	−0.0016	0.0022	−0.0007
b	0.2279	−0.0034	0.0194	0.000515
c	0.0609	-0.00038	0.0107	0.00029

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