三种淡水鱼不同部位中甘油三酯脂肪酸的位置分布

李金林; 胡祥飞; 万亮; 梁庆喜; 彭斌; 王辉; 涂宗财

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022070175

三种淡水鱼不同部位中甘油三酯脂肪酸的位置分布

doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022070175

李金林^{1, 3,},
胡祥飞²,
万亮³,
梁庆喜²,
彭斌¹,
王辉²,
涂宗财^{1, 2,*, ,}

1.
江西师范大学生命科学学院国家淡水鱼加工技术研发中心，江西南昌 330022
2.
南昌大学食品科学与技术国家重点实验室，江西南昌 330047
3.
南昌市检验检测中心，江西南昌 330012

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（32060557，32260604）；江西省重点研发项目（20203BBFL63062）。

详细信息

作者简介:
李金林（1983−），男，博士，高级工程师/教授，研究方向：水产加工及副产物高值化利用，E-mail：lijinlin405@126.com

通讯作者:
涂宗财（1965−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：食物资源开发与高效利用，Email：tuzc_mail@aliyun.com

中图分类号: TS254.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-19
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-15

Positional Distribution of Fatty Acids in Triglycerides from Different Parts of Three Freshwater Fish

LI Jinlin^{1, 3
,},
HU Xiangfei²,
WAN Liang³,
LIANG Qingxi²,
PENG Bin¹,
WANG Hui²,
TU Zongcai^{1, 2,*
, ,}

1.
National Freshwater Fish Processing Technology Research and Development Center in College of Life Science of Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology in Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
3.
Nanchang Center for Inspection and Testing, Nanchang 330012, China

摘要

摘要: 为分析淡水鱼不同部位中甘油三酯脂肪酸的含量与位置分布，本文以草鱼、青鱼、鲫鱼等淡水鱼为代表，经过固相萃取、专一性脂肪酶酶解，再利用气相色谱法测试了四个不同部位（头部、尾部、背部、内脏）中脂肪酸在甘油三酯Sn-1,2,3上的含量及位置分布。结果显示：三种淡水鱼共检测到21种脂肪酸，单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acids，MUFAs）含量在29.58%~49.48%，除草鱼和青鱼内脏外，三种鱼类其余各部位甘油三酯Sn-1,3位置上MUFAs的含量显著高于Sn-2位（P<0.05）；多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acids，PUFAs）含量范围为17.51%~46.55%，除草鱼背、尾部以及青鱼头、内脏，其他样品中甘油三酯Sn-2位置上PUFAs的含量显著高于Sn-1,3位（P<0.05）；三种淡水鱼中，花生四烯酸（arachidonic acid，ARA）在甘油三酯上位置分布均匀，二十碳五烯酸（eicosapentaenoic acid，EPA）主要分布于Sn-1,3位上，二十二碳五烯酸（docosapentaenoic acid，DPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexaenoic acid，DHA）主要分布于Sn-2位上。因此，不同淡水鱼以及不同部位脂肪酸组成不同，相同脂肪酸在不同淡水鱼不同部位甘油三酯上的位置分布也存在差异。
- 鱼油 /
- 甘油三酯 /
- 固相萃取 /
- 位置分布 /
- 脂肪酸组成
Abstract: The position distribution of fatty acids in triglycerides from different parts of freshwater fish was investigated in this paper. The position distribution of fatty acids on triglycerides Sn-1,2,3 in four parts (head, tail, back, and viscera) from three freshwater fish species (grass, black, and crucian carp) was analyzed by gas chromatography after the solid phase extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed that a total of 21 fatty acids were monitored on triglycerides of three freshwater fish species. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) ranged from 29.58% to 49.48%, and MUFAs located in Sn-1,3 positions were significantly higher than those in the Sn-2 position in all samples (P<0.05), except for viscera of grass and black carp. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) varied from 17.51% to 46.55%, and PUFAs located in the Sn-2 position were significantly higher than those in Sn-1,3 positions in all samples (P<0.05), except for back and tail of grass carp and head and viscera of black carp. In the three kinds of fish, arachidonic acid (ARA) was evenly distributed in three positions of triglycerides. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was mainly distributed in the Sn-1,3 positions. In comparison, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were distributed primarily in the Sn-2 position. It can conclude that the fatty acid composition in different parts of different freshwater fish species was various, and the distribution of the same fatty acids on triglycerides in the varied elements of freshwater fish species was also different.
- fish oil /
- triglycerides /
- solid phase extraction /
- location distribution /
- fatty acid composition

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图 1 三种淡水鱼不同部位其甘油三酯LCPUFAs的分布及其含量

注：不同小写字母表示组间差异显著（P<0.05）。

Figure 1. Distribution and content of triglyceride LCPUFAs in different parts of three freshwater fish

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表 1 草鱼不同部位甘油三酯脂肪酸组成及其相对含量（%）

Table 1. Fatty acids profile and its relative content of triglycerides in different parts of grass carp (%)

脂肪酸种类	背部		头部		尾部		内脏
脂肪酸种类	Sn-2	Sn-1,3	Sn-2	Sn-1,3	Sn-2	Sn-1,3	Sn-2	Sn-1,3
C_13:0	1.97±0.09^a	5.24±0.03^B	1.46±0.04^bc	4.31±0.00^D	1.42±0.02^c	6.15±0.02^A	1.54±0.09^b	4.74±0.02^C
C_14:0	1.43±0.20^a	1.07±0.10^D	1.44±0.19^a	1.46±0.08^A	1.49±0.02^a	1.11±0.05^CD	1.40±0.01^a	1.30±0.02^B
C_16:0	24.72±0.71^a	13.90±0.23^D	24.98±1.04^a	17.63±0.40^A	24.84±0.56^a	15.30±0.43^C	20.71±0.28^b	15.75±0.36^B
C_18:0	2.59±0.67^a	5.58±0.11^D	2.27±0.15^b	7.98±0.10^A	2.17±0.23^b	7.21±0.30^C	1.79±0.05^c	7.47±0.11^B
SFA	30.71±1.67^a	25.79±0.47^C	30.15±1.42^ab	31.38±0.58^A	29.92±0.83^b	29.77±0.80^AB	25.44±0.43^c	29.26±0.51^B
C_15:1	1.30±0.08^c	3.89±0.02^A	0.81±0.30^d	1.90±0.01^D	2.91±0.25^a	2.95±0.00^B	1.96±0.18^b	2.17±0.01^C
C_16:1	5.62±0.71^b	2.88±0.00^D	5.72±0.65^ab	5.00±0.00^A	5.71±0.11^ab	4.18±0.05^C	5.90±0.04^a	4.75±0.02^B
C_18:1	35.70±0.62^b	33.40±0.29^B	36.42±0.36^a	34.35±0.33^A	35.00±0.10^c	31.15±0.52^C	34.93±0.18^c	34.62±0.59^A
MUFA	42.62±1.41^b	30.17±0.31^C	42.95±1.31^b	41.25±0.34^A	43.62±0.46^a	38.28±0.57^B	42.79±0.40^b	41.54±0.62^A
C_18:2n6	18.73±1.09^c	11.28±0.52^B	19.41±1.03^b	10.54±0.43^C	17.65±0.76^d	10.31±0.22^C	21.82±0.55^a	14.00±0.11^A
C_18:3n6	0.48±0.10^b	1.05±0.08^A	0.52±0.12^b	0.21±0.00^C	0.86±0.05^a	0.66±0.04^B	0.86±0.05^a	0.28±0.00^C
C_18:3n3	1.37±0.40^b	0.81±0.01^B	1.43±0.44^b	0.58±0.01^C	1.26±0.02^c	0.61±0.01^C	1.77±0.01^a	1.02±0.05^A
C_20:2n6	0.46±0.04^b	0.80±0.01^A	0.47±0.04^b	0.76±0.00^A	0.48±0.01^ab	0.66±0.00^B	0.52±0.01^a	0.80±0.01^A
C_20:3n6	0.44±0.10^b	0.54±0.00^B	0.46±0.10^b	0.46±0.00^C	0.44±0.05^b	0.46±0.01^C	0.59±0.00^a	0.75±0.01^A
C_20:4n6 （ARA）	0.73±0.20^c	0.61±0.02^A	0.76±0.21^bc	0.52±0.01^B	0.81±0.05^b	0.41±0.04^C	0.96±0.03^a	0.69±0.05^A
C_20:5n3 （EPA）	2.01±0.36^c	26.80±0.22^A	1.63±1.01^d	12.45±0.13^C	2.41±0.16^b	16.74±0.11^B	2.81±0.15^a	10.01±0.13^D
C_22:5n3 （DPA）	0.68±0.17^b	n. d.	0.69±0.18^b	n. d.	0.80±0.09^a	n. d.	0.75±0.12^a	n. d.
C_22:6n3 （DHA）	0.38±0.14^a	n. d.	0.39±0.15^a	n. d.	0.41±0.07^a	n. d.	0.41±0.10^a	n. d.
PUFA	25.28±2.60^b	31.89±0.86^A	25.76±2.29^b	25.52±0.58^D	25.12±1.37^b	29.85±043^B	30.49±1.03^a	27.55±0.36^C
ω-3 PUFA	4.44±1.08^bc	17.61±0.23^A	4.15±0.78^c	13.03±0.13^C	4.88±0.44^b	17.35±0.11^B	5.75±0.38^a	11.02±0.18^D
ω-6 PUFA	20.84±1.53^c	14.28±0.63^B	21.62±1.50^b	12.49±0.44^C	20.24±0.92^d	12.50±0.31^C	24.75±0.64^a	16.52±0.18^A
LCPUFA	3.80±0.87^c	27.47±0.24^A	3.47±0.55^c	12.97±0.13^C	4.43±0.46^b	17.15±0.15^B	4.93±0.40^a	10.70±0.18^D
注：n. d.未检测出；同行不同肩标大小写字母分别表示Sn-1,3位和Sn-2位组间差异显著（P<0.05）；表2~表3同。

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表 2 青鱼不同部位甘油三酯脂肪酸组成及其相对含量（%）

Table 2. Fatty acids profile and its relative content of triglycerides in different parts of black carp (%)

脂肪酸种类	背部		头部		尾部		内脏
脂肪酸种类	Sn-2	Sn-1,3	Sn-2	Sn-1,3	Sn-2	Sn-1,3	Sn-2	Sn-1,3
C_16:0	21.26±0.12^a	14.37±0.21^C	21.23±0.70^a	15.40±0.31^A	19.80±0.32^b	13.51±0.42^D	18.57±0.32^c	15.02±0.20^B
C_18:0	3.83±0.03^b	7.46±0.01^A	2.36±0.04^d	4.06±0.15^D	2.58±0.02^c	4.80±0.01^C	4.05±0.03^a	6.97±0.23^B
SFA	25.09±0.15^a	21.83±0.22^A	23.59±0.74^b	19.46±0.46^B	22.38±0.34^c	18.31±0.43^C	22.62±0.35^c	21.99±0.43^A
C_15:1	2.34±0.05^b	7.74±0.03^B	0.31±0.01^c	11.7±0.07^A	2.50±0.07^a	3.94±0.02^C	0.33±0.05^c	1.26±0.02^D
C_16:1	1.64±0.02^c	1.27±0.05^C	2.09±0.02^a	1.56±0.01^B	1.74±0.02^b	1.79±0.01^A	0.33±0.00^d	1.23±0.07^C
C_17:1	1.03±0.01^a	n. d.	0.18±0.00^c	n. d.	0.73±0.00^b	n. d.	0.71±0.00^b	n. d.
C_18:1	26.30±0.24^b	24.29±0.52^C	27.00±0.71^b	18.20±0.25^D	26.80±0.44^b	32.89±0.76^A	40.20±0.12^a	31.34±0.88^B
MUFA	31.31±0.32^b	33.30±0.60^B	29.58±0.74^c	31.46±0.33^C	31.77±0.53^b	38.62±0.79^A	41.57±0.17^a	33.83±0.97^B
C_18:2n6	35.70±0.75^b	20.58±0.22^C	36.63±0.43^a	13.71±0.12^D	36.64±0.53^a	27.87±0.47^A	25.99±0.13^c	26.88±0.64^B
C_18:3n6	0.71±0.01^c	n. d.	0.82±0.02^b	n. d.	0.70±0.05^c	0.49±0.01^A	2.19±0.01^a	0.50±0.02^A
C_18:3n3	2.81±0.03^b	1.61±0.00^C	3.34±0.05^a	1.13±0.00^D	2.94±0.01^b	2.21±0.04^A	2.37±0.09^c	2.00±0.01^B
C_20:2n6	0.62±0.02^b	4.14±0.01^B	0.29±0.01^d	7.50±0.01^A	0.42±0.02^c	0.93±0.04^C	2.95±0.04^a	0.85±0.01^D
C_20:3n6	0.89±0.02^a	1.47±0.04^A	0.69±0.01^b	1.18±0.01^C	0.87±0.06^a	1.46±0.03^A	0.46±0.00^c	1.35±0.01^B
C_20:4n6	0.73±0.02^b	0.57±0.05^B	0.62±0.02^c	0.73±0.01^A	0.71±0.03^b	0.60±0.00^B	0.91±0.01^a	0.61±0.01^B
C_20:5n3	0.79±0.04^b	14.97±0.13^B	1.31±0.00^a	22.30±0.25^A	0.39±0.02^c	8.45±0.17^D	0.71±0.00^b	10.06±0.15^C
C_22:5n3	0.53±0.04^a	n. d.	0.25±0.02^b	n. d.	0.56±0.03^a	n. d.	0.24±0.01^b	n. d.
C_22:6n3	1.34±0.16^a	n. d.	0.76±0.08^b	n. d.	1.36±0.10^a	n. d.	0.71±0.05^b	n. d.
PUFA	44.12±1.09^a	43.27±0.45^B	44.17±0.64^a	46.55±0.40^A	44.59±0.85^a	42.01±0.76^C	36.53±0.34^b	42.19±0.85^C
ω-3 PUFA	5.47±0.27^ab	16.51±0.13^B	5.66±0.15^a	23.43±0.25^A	5.25±0.16^b	10.66±0.21^D	4.03±0.15^c	12.00±0.16^C
ω-6 PUFA	38.65±0.82^b	26.76±0.32^C	39.05±0.49^ab	23.12±0.15^D	39.34±0.69^a	31.35±0.55^A	32.50±0.19^c	30.19±0.69^B
LCPUFA	3.39±0.26^a	15.54±0.18^B	2.94±0.12^b	23.03±0.26^A	3.02±0.18^b	9.05±0.17^D	2.57±0.07^c	10.67±0.16^C

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表 3 鲫鱼不同部位甘油三酯脂肪酸组成及其相对含量（%）

Table 3. Fatty acids profile and its relative content of triglycerides in different parts of crucian (%)

脂肪酸种类	背部		头部		尾部		内脏
脂肪酸种类	Sn-2	Sn-1,3	Sn-2	Sn-1,3	Sn-2	Sn-1,3	Sn-2	Sn-1,3
C_13:0	1.33±0.04^a	2.73±0.05^A	0.89±0.01^c	2.74±0.06^A	1.00±0.07^b	2.56±0.01^B	1.06±0.01^b	2.35±0.01^C
C_14:0	2.41±0.01^a	0.97±0.00^A	1.77±0.00^b	0.80±0.00^B	2.39±0.01^a	1.05±0.04^A	1.74±0.03^b	0.83±0.01^B
C_15:0	0.72±0.00^a	n. d.	0.66±0.00^ab	n. d.	0.69±0.00^a	n. d.	0.58±0.00^b	n. d.
C_16:0	29.92±1.01^b	12.84±0.22^A	23.55±0.78^c	11.01±0.50^C	32.72±1.13^a	12.24±0.54^B	20.52±1.00^d	11.91±0.62^B
C_17:0	0.69±0.02^b	0.15±0.01^A	0.81±0.03^a	n. d.	0.60±0.02^b	n. d.	0.69±0.01^b	0.14±0.12^A
C_18:0	3.85±0.02^b	4.53±0.05^C	3.26±0.01^c	4.30±0.04^C	5.66±0.02^a	5.72±0.30^A	3.51±0.04^bc	4.95±0.05^B
SFA	38.92±1.10^b	21.22±0.33^A	30.94±0.83^c	18.85±0.60^C	43.06±1.25^a	21.57±0.89^A	28.10±1.09^d	20.18±0.81^B
C_14:1	0.48±0.03^a	n. d.	0.43±0.03^a	n. d.	0.41±0.01^a	n. d.	0.46±0.04^a	n. d.
C_15:1	1.62±0.00^b	1.05±0.01^C	1.54±0.00^b	1.27±0.01^B	2.07±0.01^a	1.30±0.01^B	1.39±0.00^c	2.24±0.02^A
C_16:1	4.74±0.03^a	3.65±0.01^A	3.21±0.01^b	2.99±0.02^B	4.93±0.05^a	3.51±0.01^A	2.45±0.05^c	2.38±0.02^C
C_17:1	0.57±0.01^b	0.41±0.03^A	0.49±0.02^b	0.39±0.09^A	0.91±0.01^a	0.36±0.02^A	0.36±0.00^c	0.35±0.00^A
C_18:1	32.98±0.51^a	44.37±0.42^A	28.09±0.51^c	37.26±0.37^C	30.20±0.61^b	41.94±0.78^B	27.95±0.34^c	35.84±0.85^D
MUFA	40.39±0.58^a	49.48±0.47^A	33.76±0.57^c	41.91±0.49^C	38.52±0.69^b	47.11±0.82^B	32.61±0.43^d	40.81±0.89^D
C_18:2n6	15.94±0.11^c	13.32±0.16^C	26.04±0.13^b	19.66±0.12^A	13.25±0.14^d	12.27±0.12^D	28.30±0.20^a	19.15±0.24^B
C_18:3n6	0.41±0.02^c	0.38±0.04^B	0.96±0.10^a	0.58±0.01^A	0.48±0.01^c	0.34±0.01^B	0.79±0.01^b	0.50±0.01^A
C_18:3n3	1.73±0.05^c	1.35±0.01^C	5.30±0.10^a	3.94±0.11^A	1.26±0.01^d	0.98±0.05^D	4.90±0.16^b	3.67±0.11^B
C_20:1n9	1.11±0.02^b	3.75±0.05^A	1.00±0.02^bc	3.06±0.03^C	0.99±0.01^c	3.20±0.01^B	1.52±0.03^a	3.56±0.01^A
C_20:2n6	0.38±0.01^c	0.57±0.01^B	0.58±0.03^b	0.69±0.01^AB	0.31±0.00^c	0.52±0.01^B	0.67±0.00^a	0.70±0.01^A
C_20:3n6	0.30±0.01^c	0.42±0.02^B	0.62±0.02^b	0.76±0.01^A	0.23±0.01^c	0.36±0.00^B	0.73±0.05^a	0.74±0.02^A
C_20:4n6	0.30±0.01^b	0.35±0.00^B	1.07±0.02^a	0.75±0.01^A	0.22±0.01^b	0.28±0.01^B	0.92±0.03^a	0.70±0.01^A
C_20:5n3	0.14±0.00^d	9.02±0.12^D	0.89±0.00^a	9.65±0.14^C	0.77±0.00^b	13.25±0.16^A	0.57±0.00^c	12.10±0.13^B
C_22:5n3	0.13±0.01^a	n. d.	0.17±0.01^a	n. d.	0.11±0.01^a	n. d.	0.14±0.01^a	n. d.
C_22:6n3	0.16±0.01^c	n. d.	1.11±0.04^a	n. d.	0.16±0.01^c	n. d.	0.56±0.01^b	n. d.
PUFA	20.60±0.25^c	29.16±0.41^D	37.74±0.47^b	39.09±0.44^B	17.62±0.21^d	31.20±0.37^C	39.10±0.50^a	41.12±0.54^A
ω-3 PUFA	2.16±0.07^c	10.37±0.13^D	7.47±0.15^a	13.59±0.25^C	2.14±0.03^c	14.23±0.21^B	6.17±0.18^b	15.77±0.24^A
ω-6 PUFA	18.44±0.18^c	18.79±0.28^B	30.27±0.32^b	25.50±0.19^A	15.48±0.18^d	16.97±0.16^C	32.93±0.32^a	25.35±0.30^A
LCPUFA	0.73±0.03^d	9.37±0.12^D	3.24±0.07^a	10.40±0.15^C	1.26±0.03^c	13.53±0.17^A	2.19±0.05^b	12.80±0.14^B

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