Isolation of Zucchini Heteropolymeric Pectin and Preliminary Study on Its Hypoglycemic Activity
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摘要: 为了促进西葫芦的深度开发，本研究对西葫芦杂聚果胶进行了分析和降血糖活性初探。采用酸碱联合处理提取分离西葫芦果胶，分别得到酸提果胶（ZPA）和残渣碱提果胶（ZPB）两个组分，分析了两个组分的得率、组成和结构性质。构建了熊蜂高脂饮食导致的糖尿病模型，初步探究西葫芦杂聚果胶ZPA和ZPB的降血糖活性。结果表明，ZPB的得率是ZPA的2.45倍，ZPA的平均分子量为70297 Da，多分散系数为1.149，ZPB的平均分子量为126170 Da，多分散系数为1.677，表明ZPB的分子分布范围较大，组成更为复杂。ZPA和ZPB的单糖组成均含有阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖醛酸、鼠李糖、甘露糖6种单糖，ZPB还含有葡萄糖、核糖2种单糖，可推测ZPA和ZPB均属于含有RG-I结构的杂聚果胶。经计算ZPA的RG-I结构较少但侧链长度较长，ZPB的RG-I结构多但侧链长度较短。利用熊蜂糖尿病模型发现ZPA和ZPB均能显著降低熊蜂血液葡萄糖和海藻糖水平，初步表明西葫芦杂聚果胶具有一定的降血糖活性。
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关键词:
- 西葫芦 /
- 果胶 /
- 鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖-I /
- 降血糖活性
Abstract: To promote the deep processing of zucchini, heteropolymeric pectin fractions from zucchini was analyzed and their hypoglycemic activity was explored. Combining acid and base treatment, two pectin fractions were isolated, namely zucchini acid-extracted pectin (ZPA) and zucchini alkali-extracted pectin (ZPB). The yield, composition, and structural properties of two fractions were analyzed. Moreover, high-fat diet induced bumblebee diabetic model was established to explore the hypoglycemic activity of zucchini pectin. Results showed that the yield of ZPB was 2.45 times higher than that of ZPA. ZPA had an averaged molecular weight of 70297 Da and polydispersity index of 1.149, while ZPB had an averaged molecular weight of 126170 Da and polydispersity index of 1.677, indicating the more complex components of ZPB. Monosaccharides including arabinose, galactose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, and mannose were found in both ZPA and ZPB, while glucose and ribose were only present in ZPA. It indicated that ZPA and ZPB were heteropolymeric pectins containing RG-I structure. ZPA had less but longer RG-I side chain, whereas ZPB had more and shorter RG-I side chain. Based on bumblebee diabetic model, ZPA and ZPB were found to significantly lower the blood glucose and trehalose level, indicating that zucchini pectin had potential hypoglycemic activity.-
Key words:
- zucchini /
- pectin /
- RG-I /
- hypoglycemic activity
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图 4 ZPA和ZPB的傅里叶变换红外光谱图
Figure 4. Fourier transform infrared spectrogram of ZPA and ZPB
图 7 单只熊蜂平均体重增量与熊蜂血糖含量
Figure 7. Average weight gain percentage and blood sugar level of a single bumblebee
表 1 提取物主要成分含量（%）
Table 1. Analysis of the basic ingredients (%)
样品 总糖含量 糖醛酸含量 总酚含量 蛋白质含量 ZPA 33.63±0.59 9.37±0.21 1.16±0.03 17.74±0.50 ZPB 40.03±0.51 9.19±0.16 0.65±0.11 21.89±0.41 
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表 2 分子量结果表
Table 2. Molecular weight of ZPA and ZPB
样品 保留时间（min） Mw（Da） Mn（Da） 多分散性 ZPA 34.745 70297 61157 1.149 ZPB 33.437 126170 75229 1.677
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表 3 样品单糖组成百分比
Table 3. Monosaccharide composition of samples
样品 Rha Ara Gal Glc Man Rib Gal-UA Glc-UA ZPA 2.07 22.19 18.11 0 28.00 0 16.39 11.50 ZPB 6.33 10.92 22.58 15.08 16.73 3.70 17.81 6.85
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