Research Progress on the Effect and Mechanism of Probiotics in Relieving Parkinson's Disease Related Symptoms
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摘要: 帕金森病（Parkinson’s disease，PD）是一种常见的脑部神经病变。近年来，越来越多的证据表明肠道菌群失调与PD的发生发展密切相关。由此提示，从肠道微生物角度出发，可能是治疗PD的新策略。益生菌是一类能够定植于宿主肠道并对机体健康发挥有益作用的活性微生物，对维持肠道微生态平衡具有重要的意义。研究表明，益生菌可通过肠-脑轴有效预防和改善PD，潜在的作用机制包括调节肠道微生态，减轻炎症反应和氧化应激损伤，促进神经营养因子的表达等。本文综述了肠道菌群在PD中的变化，肠道菌群在PD发病中的机制，益生菌对PD相关症状的改善作用及机制等，以期为益生菌预防和缓解PD提供理论基础。Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurological disorder of the brain. In recent years, there is increasing evidence that intestinal flora dysbiosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of PD. This suggests that intestinal microorganisms may be a new strategy for the treatment of PD. Probiotics are a group of active microorganisms that can colonize the host gut and play a beneficial role in the health of the body, and are of great significance to maintaining the intestinal microecological balance. Studies have shown that probiotics can effectively prevent and improve PD through the gut-brain axis, and the potential mechanisms of action include regulating intestinal microecology, alleviating inflammatory response and oxidative stress damage, and promoting the expression of neurotrophic factors. This article reviews the changes of intestinal flora in PD, the mechanisms of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of PD, and the improvement effect and mechanisms of probiotics on PD-related symptoms, in order to provide a theoretical basis for probiotics to prevent and alleviate PD.
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Key words:
- Parkinson's disease /
- probiotics /
- gut microbiota /
- mechanism
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表 1 PD患者肠道菌群变化
Table 1. Changes in intestinal flora in patients with PD
受试群体 检测技术 数量降低的
肠道菌群数量增加的
肠道菌群参考文献 80例PD患者病和72例健康者 16S rRNA
基因测序毛螺菌科 乳酸杆菌科、
肠杆菌科、
肠球菌科[29] 64例PD患者和64例健康者 16S rRNA
基因测序普雷沃氏菌科、
毛螺菌科、
紫红球菌科、
罗氏菌属双歧杆菌科、
理研菌科[30] 80例PD患者和77例健康者 16S rRNA
基因测序普雷沃氏菌属 疣微菌门、
Mucispirillum、
Parabacteroides、
卟啉菌属、
乳酸杆菌属[31] 197例PD患者和103例健康者 16S rDNA 毛螺菌科、
罗氏菌属、
粪杆菌属Christensenellacea、
双歧杆菌属、
柯林斯菌属、Bilophil、阿克曼菌属[32] 64例PD患者和51例健康者 16S rRNA
基因测序拟杆菌属、
布劳特氏菌属、
毛螺菌科、
丁酸梭菌属、
罗氏菌属阿克曼菌属、
埃希氏菌属、
双歧杆菌属、
链球菌属[33] 193例PD患者和113例健康者 16S rRNA
基因测序毛螺菌科、
罗氏菌属、变形菌门、
肠杆菌科、
Christensenellacea、
乳酸杆菌科、
双歧杆菌科、
Parabacteroides[34] 34例PD患者和34例健康者 qPCR法 乳酸杆菌科、
粪杆菌属、
普雷沃氏菌科肠杆菌科、
双歧杆菌属、[35] 
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表 2 不同益生菌对PD的作用
Table 2. The role of different probiotics on PD
菌种名称 受试对象 剂量 周期 研究结果 参考文献 嗜酸乳杆菌+婴儿双歧杆菌 人 60 mg（每日两次） 3个月 改善腹痛和腹胀 [42] 嗜酸乳杆菌+两歧双歧杆菌+罗伊氏
乳杆菌+发酵乳杆菌人 8×109 CFU/d 12周 降低MDS-UPDRS评分、超敏C反应蛋白和MDA水平，
提高GSH水平[43] 嗜酸乳杆菌等多菌株益生菌胶囊 人 1010 CFU/d 4周 改善便秘症状，增加排便次数 [40] 乳酸菌+双歧杆菌+低聚果糖 人 3×1010 CFU（每日两次） 8周 增加排便频率，缩短肠道传输时间 [39] 多菌株益生菌+益生元纤维 人 2.5×1011 CFU/d 4周 增加完整排便频率 [41] 两歧双歧杆菌等多菌株益生菌 小鼠 1010 CFU/d 16周 改善平衡、协调和步态功能障碍，保护多巴胺能神经元 [44] 短双歧杆菌 小鼠 1×109 CFU/d 4 d 减少场景恐惧记忆的遗忘，改善认知功能 [45] 嗜酸乳杆菌+两歧双歧杆菌+罗伊氏
乳杆菌+发酵乳杆菌大鼠 8×109 CFU/d 14 d 减少旋转行为，改善认知功能，减少脂质过氧化和
神经元损伤[46]
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