西梅膳食纤维提取工艺优化及其通便作用

徐天旭; 欧阳萍; 贺灵灵; 贺明山; 晁增友; 王伟华

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080068

西梅膳食纤维提取工艺优化及其通便作用

doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080068

1.
塔里木大学食品科学与工程学院，南疆特色农产品深加工兵团重点实验室，新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.
新正检验检测有限公司，新疆乌鲁木齐 830009
3.
阿拉尔市十一团蜜园果品农民专业合作社，新疆阿拉尔 843300
4.
新疆晖康生物科技有限公司，新疆阿拉尔 843300

基金项目: 新疆生产建设兵团第一师阿拉尔市科技计划项目（2021SP01）。

详细信息

作者简介:
徐天旭（1997−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：食品加工与安全，E-mail：1148048422@qq.com

通讯作者:
王伟华（1977−），女，博士，教授，研究方向：食品营养与安全，E-mail：wangweihua6688@163.com

中图分类号: TS255.1
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- 文章访问数: 28
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-08
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-15

Optimization of Extraction Process of Prune Dietary Fiber and Its Laxative Effect

1.
College of Food Science and Engineering, Tarim University, Production & Construction Group Key Laboratory of Special Products Further Processing in Southern Xinjiang, Alar 843300, China
2.
Xinzheng Inspection and Testing Testing Company Limited, Urumqi 830009, China
3.
Aral City Eleventh Group Honey Garden Fruit Farmers Professional Cooperative, Alar 843300, China
4.
Xinjiang Huikang Biotechnology Company Limited, Alar 843300, China

摘要

摘要: 目的：探究西梅可溶性膳食纤维（Soluble dietary fiber，SDF）的最优提取工艺及其通便作用。方法：采用酶法提取西梅中的SDF，通过单因素实验和响应面分析优化提取条件，再对西梅SDF进行体内试验，小鼠先灌胃7 d盐酸洛哌丁胺，建立便秘模型，随后分为低、中、高剂量组灌胃西梅SDF 14 d，观察小鼠体重、脏器系数、首粒黑便排出时间、6 h内排便粒数、粪便含水量、小肠推进率、胃排空率及胃肠组织形态学描述等指标。结果：西梅SDF最佳提取条件为：混合酶水浴时间2.9 h，纤维素酶添加量1%，纤维素酶水浴温度41 ℃，纤维素酶水浴时间3.8 h，此时得率为13.238%±0.07%，SDF含量为85.91%±0.46%。灌胃西梅SDF后，对小鼠体重和脏器系数无显著影响（P>0.05），中、高剂量组可以显著缩短排便时间、增加排便粒数、增加粪便含水量、升高小肠推进率和胃排空率（P<0.05），降低了便秘对小鼠胃肠组织的损伤，显著增加胃肠组织的厚度（P<0.05）。结论：西梅SDF对便秘小鼠具有通便作用，能够不同程度的改善便秘对胃肠屏障损伤，并对胃肠屏障起到一定的保护作用。
- 西梅 /
- 可溶性膳食纤维 /
- 提取 /
- 通便
Abstract: Objective: Study the optimal extraction technology and the cathartic mechanism of soluble dietary fibers of prunes. Methods: The enzymatic method was adopted to extract SDF from prunes. Single factor experiment and response surface analysis were performed to optimize extracting conditions, and then in vivo test was conducted with the prune SDF. First of all, 7 d loperamide hydrochloride was offered to mice by intragastric administration, a constipation model was built. Prune SDF 14 d was grouped into low dose, medium dose and high dose, and then offered to the mice by intragastric administration. The mice was observed to record following indexes: The weight of the mice, organ coefficients, first black stool excreting time, the number of stool grains excreting in 6 hours, water content in stool, intestinal propulsive rate, gastric emptying rate and the morphological description of gastrointestinal tissue. Results: The optimal conditions for extracting prune SDF were listed as follows: The bath time of mixed prune was 2.9 h. The additive amount of cellulase was 1%. The bath temperature of cellulase was 41 ℃. The bath time of cellulase was 3.8 h, and the yield was 13.238%±0.07% at the moment, and the SDF content was 85.91%±0.46%. After intragastric administration of prunes, there's no obvious impact made on the weight of mice and organ coefficients (P>0.05). The impact on the medium dose group and the high dose group was obvious: The stool excreting time was reduced. The stool grains and water content in stool were increased. The intestinal propulsive rate and gastric emptying rate were raised (P<0.05). The damage to gastrointestinal tissue of mice due to constipation was reduced. The thickness of gastrointestinal tissue was increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Prune SDF had a function of relaxing bowels for constipation mice, and also could improve the gastrointestinal barrier injury caused by constipation, which played a protective role on the gastrointestinal barrier.
- prunes /
- soluble dietary fiber /
- extraction /
- laxative

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图 1 混合酶水浴时间对西梅SDF得率的影响

注：不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05）；图2~图4同。

Figure 1. Effect of mixed enzyme water bath time on yield of prune SDF

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图 2 纤维素酶添加量对西梅SDF得率的影响

Figure 2. Effect of cellulase addition on yield of prune SDF

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图 3 纤维素酶水浴温度对西梅SDF得率的影响

Figure 3. Effect of cellulase water bath temperature on yield of prune SDF

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图 4 纤维素酶水浴时间对西梅SDF得率的影响

Figure 4. Effect of cellulase water bath time on yield of prune SDF

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图 5 各因素交互作用响应面图

Figure 5. Factor interaction response surface plot

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图 6 西梅SDF对小鼠体重的影响

Figure 6. Effects of prune SDF on body weight of mice

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图 7 西梅SDF对小鼠胃组织形态影响

注：空白对照组（A）、（B），模型对照组（C）、（D），低剂量组（E）、（F），中剂量组（G）、（H），高剂量组（I）、（J）；图8~图9同。

Figure 7. Effects of prune SDF on the morphology of gastric tissue in mice

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图 8 西梅SDF对小鼠小肠组织形态影响

Figure 8. Effects of prune SDF on the morphology of small intestine tissue in mice

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图 9 西梅SDF对小鼠大肠组织形态影响

Figure 9. Effects of prune SDF on the morphology of large intestine tissue in mice

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表 1 Box-Behnken试验设计因素水平表

Table 1. Factors and levels of Box-behnken test design

水平	因素
水平	A混合酶水浴时间（h）	B纤维素酶添加量（%）	C纤维素酶水浴温度（℃）	D纤维素酶水浴时间（h）
−1	2.5	0.8	30	3
0	3	1	40	4
1	3.5	1.2	50	5

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表 2 响应面优化试验结果

Table 2. Response surface optimization test results

实验号	A	B	C	D	SDF得率（%）
1	0	0	0	0	13.067
2	−1	0	0	1	10.951
3	0	0	−1	−1	11.755
4	0	0	0	0	13.127
5	1	0	−1	0	12.085
6	0	1	1	0	12.196
7	1	1	0	0	11.576
8	0	0	0	0	12.944
9	0	0	0	0	13.163
10	0	−1	0	−1	11.658
11	0	0	1	1	11.373
12	0	0	1	−1	12.234
13	0	0	−1	1	12.088
14	0	−1	0	1	11.804
15	0	1	0	1	11.574
16	−1	0	−1	0	10.982
17	−1	1	0	0	11.511
18	1	0	0	1	11.791
19	0	1	−1	0	12.083
20	1	0	0	−1	11.216
21	0	0	0	0	13.002
22	−1	0	0	−1	12.193
23	0	1	0	−1	12.271
24	−1	0	1	0	12.053
25	0	−1	−1	0	11.35
26	1	−1	0	0	10.911
27	−1	−1	0	0	11.44
28	0	−1	1	0	10.913
29	1	0	1	0	10.569

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表 3 响应面优化结果方差分析

Table 3. Analysis of variance for response surface optimization results

方差来源	平方和	自由度	方差	F值	P值	显著性
回归模型	14.03	14	1.00	32.64	<0.0001	^**
A	0.080	1	0.080	2.62	0.1280
B	0.82	1	0.82	26.68	0.0001	^**
C	0.084	1	0.084	2.74	0.1200
D	0.25	1	0.25	8.28	0.0122	^*
AB	0.088	1	0.088	2.87	0.1122
AC	1.67	1	1.67	54.51	<0.0001	^**
AD	0.83	1	0.83	26.89	0.0001	^**
BC	0.076	1	0.076	2.46	0.1388
BD	0.18	1	0.18	5.79	0.0305	^*
CD	0.36	1	0.36	11.61	0.0042	^**
A²	6.20	1	6.20	202.09	<0.0001	^**
B²	3.43	1	3.43	111.63	<0.0001	^**
C²	2.98	1	2.98	97.01	<0.0001	^**
D²	1.78	1	1.78	58.06	<0.0001	^**
残差	0.43	14	0.031
失拟项	0.40	10	0.040	4.98	0.0679	不显著
纯误差	0.032	4	7.991E-003
R²	0.9703
R²_Adj	0.9405
合计	14.45	28

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表 4 西梅SDF基本化学组成

Table 4. Basic chemical composition of prune SDF

成分	含量（%）
水分	4.26±0.09
蛋白质	2.32±0.18
粗脂肪	0
灰分	2.73±0.09
可溶性膳食纤维	85.91±0.46

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表 5 西梅SDF对小鼠排便及粪便含水量的影响

Table 5. Effects of prune SDF on defecation and fecal water content in mice

组别	首粒黑便排出时间（min）	6 h内排便粒数（粒）	粪便含水量（%）
空白对照组	125.3±14.6^∆∆	17.4±2.1^∆∆	33.57±2.28^∆∆
模型对照组	251.4±7.2^**	3.2±1.3^**	25.43±1.53^**
低剂量组	228.1±12.7^**	5.7±1.1^**	27.84±1.49^*
中剂量组	214.8±15.2^**∆	9.1±1.7^**∆∆	28.86±1.38^*∆
高剂量组	208.2±13.3^**∆∆	11.4±1.2^*∆∆	30.28±2.07^*∆
注：与空白对照组相比，^表示差异显著（P<0.05），^*表示差异极显著（P<0.01）；与模型对照组相比，^△表示差异显著（P<0.05），^△△表示差异极显著（P<0.01）；表7~表8同。

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表 6 西梅SDF对小鼠脏器指数的影响

Table 6. Effects of prune SDF on viscera index in mice

组别	胸腺（%）	肝脏（%）	肾脏（%）	脾脏（%）
空白对照组	0.57±0.09	6.21±0.16	1.84±0.13	0.33±0.26
模型对照组	0.59±0.08	6.14±0.13	1.83±0.2	0.34±0.12
低剂量组	0.61±0.03	6.18±0.36	1.78±0.26	0.33±0.14
中剂量组	0.55±0.04	5.99±0.02	1.8±0.17	0.35±0.07
高剂量组	0.61±0.07	6.11±0.23	1.94±0.24	0.34±0.05

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表 7 西梅SDF对小鼠胃排空及小肠推进的影响

Table 7. Effects of prune SDF on gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion in mice

组别	小肠长度（cm）	墨汁前沿长度（cm）	小肠推进率（%）	胃排空率（%）
空白对照组	51.4±1.3	42.5±0.8^∆∆	83.5±2.2^∆∆	70.11±0.32^∆∆
模型对照组	51.3±1.4	24.6±1.4^**	47.5±2.6^**	43.69±0.18^**
低剂量组	52.1±0.9	30.9±1.7^**∆	60.3±3.1^**∆	55.08±0.24^**∆∆
中剂量组	51.9±1.7	34.6±0.9^**∆∆	67.4±2.5^**∆∆	62.71±0.44^**∆∆
高剂量组	51.5±1.5	38.7±1.6^*∆∆	75.1±3.3^*∆∆	65.22±0.72^**∆∆

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表 8 西梅SDF对小鼠胃肠组织切片测量指标的影响

Table 8. Effects of prune SDF on the measurement indexes of mouse gastrointestinal tissue slices

组织	测量指标	组别
组织	测量指标	空白对照组	模型对照组	低剂量组	中剂量组	高剂量组
胃	黏膜层厚度（μm）	589.12±14.29^∆∆	436.81±19.57^**	471.04±18.21^**	507.24±21.42^**∆	552.32±17.53^*∆∆
胃	肌层厚度（μm）	191.69±11.62^∆∆	35.51±5.61^**	103.54±14.67^**∆∆	145.80±10.84^**∆∆	171.35±15.31^∆∆
小肠	绒毛高度（μm）	421.19±13.75^∆∆	242.71±18.57^**	266.75±7.51^**	325.30±15.82^**∆∆	357.40±16.78^**∆∆
	绒毛宽度（μm）	112.89±5.68^∆∆	73.18±3.46^**	78.58±4.98^**	85.17±6.23^**∆	92.95±4.12^**∆∆
	隐窝深度（μm）	185.40±13.14^∆∆	91.82±5.24^**	104.03±7.63^**	112.52±9.26^**∆	130.65±7.17^**∆∆
	肌层厚度（μm）	83.37±4.37^∆∆	25.41±5.68^**	37.19±3.27^**∆	48.90±4.56^**∆∆	73.70±7.71^∆∆
大肠	黏膜层厚度（μm）	295.60±10.45^∆∆	181.24±7.87^**	208.63±6.74^**∆	258.59±3.68^**∆∆	271.44±11.16^∆∆
大肠	肌层厚度（μm）	285.64±17.99^∆∆	115.40±4.72^**	146.53±10.38^**∆	184.7±15.55^**∆∆	239.75±12.21^*∆∆

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