不同段式婴儿配方奶粉香气特征及主要香味物质比较

胡馨予; 李若彤; 张文欣; 王春光; 蒋士龙; 张永久; 朱保庆; 李懿霖

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080315

不同段式婴儿配方奶粉香气特征及主要香味物质比较

doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080315

胡馨予^1,,
李若彤¹,
张文欣¹,
王春光¹,
蒋士龙²,
张永久²,
朱保庆^1,*, ,,
李懿霖^2,*, ,

1.
北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院食品科学系，林业食品加工与安全北京市重点实验室，北京 100083
2.
黑龙江飞鹤乳业有限公司，北京 100015

基金项目: 北京林业大学科技创新计划项目（2021ZY65）。

详细信息

作者简介:
胡馨予（1997−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：食品风味化学，E-mail：hxy_810520@163.com

通讯作者:
朱保庆（1982−），男，博士，副教授，研究方向：食品感官分析、食品风味化学、食品生物技术，E-mail：zhubaoqing@bjfu.edu.cn

李懿霖（1989−），男，博士，研究方向：食品风味分析，食品口腔加工学， E-mail：liyilin@feihe.com

中图分类号: TS207.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-31
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-15

Comparison of Aroma Characteristics and Main Aroma Substances in Three Infant Formulas from Different Stage

1.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China

摘要

摘要: 婴幼儿配方奶粉成为母乳外广泛应用的婴儿食品，其香气特征在很大程度上反映了产品的感官质量，影响了消费者的购买意愿。按照不同月龄，婴幼儿配方奶粉可以分为1段（0~6个月）、2段（6~12个月）、3段（12~24个月）等段式。本研究组合应用定量描述分析（quantitative descriptive analysis，QDA）、气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱（gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry，GC-O-MS）技术及气相色谱静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（gas chromatography-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry，GC-Orbitrap-MS）等技术研究了不同段式婴幼儿配方奶粉的香气特征及主要香味物质。结果表明，不同段式的奶粉的香气轮廓存在明显差异；特别是奶香味、鱼腥味、豆腥味、整体腥味等4种属性存在极显著差异（P<0.01），甜香、谷物味等2种属性存在显著差异（P<0.05）；GC-O-MS分析共鉴定到24种关键化合物，其中醛类化合物达到15种，酮类化合物有4种，醇类化合物4种及1种呋喃类化合物；对3个样品进行GC-Orbitrap-MS分析，共鉴定到包括18种醛类、9种酮类、6种醇类等在内的47种化合物，覆盖了GC-O-MS鉴定到的所有化合物；GC-Orbitrap-MS鉴定的化合物中有41种化合物在3个段式样品间具有显著差异。综上，不同段式婴幼儿配方奶粉的香气轮廓和主要呈香组分存在差异，本研究的开展为婴幼儿配方奶粉产品感官品质控制和提升提供了依据。
- 婴幼儿配方奶粉 /
- 定量描述分析（QDA） /
- 气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱技术（GC-O-MS） /
- 气相色谱静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（GC-Orbitrap-MS） /
- 醛类化合物
Abstract: Infant formula has widely used as infant food besides human milk. The aroma characteristics determine the sensory quality of this product and the purchase intention of consumers to a great extent. It was generally developed infant formula products into 1-stage (for babies at 0~6 months), 2-stage (6~12 months) and 3-stage (12~24 months). In this study, a combination of quantitative description analysis (QDA), gas chromatography olfactory mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) and gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap-MS) was used to study the aroma characteristics and the aroma compounds composition in infant formulas with three different stages. The results showed that, there were significant differences in the aroma profiles of different stages of milk powder. There was a significant difference (P<0.01) in 'milky', 'fishy', 'beany', 'over off-flavor', the four attributes, and a significant difference (P<0.05) in 'sweety' and 'cereal' the two attributes. A total of 24 key compounds were identified by GC-O-MS analysis, including 15 aldehydes, 4 ketones, 4 alcohols and 1 furan. 47 compounds including 18 aldehydes, 9 ketones and 6 alcohols were identified by using GC-Orbitrap-MS, covering all the 24 components identified by GC-O-MS. The contents of 41 out of the 47 compounds were significantly different among the three samples studied. This study would provide a basis for controlling and improving the sensory quality of infant formula.

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图 1 不同段式婴幼儿配方奶粉样品香气属性剖面图

注：*为P<0.05，**为P<0.01。

Figure 1. Profile of aroma properties of infant formula samples in different stages

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图 2 不同段式婴幼儿配方奶粉中挥发性化合物GC-O定性结果堆积图（a）及韦恩图（b）

Figure 2. Accumulation diagram (a) and Wayne diagram (b) of volatile compounds identified in GC-O of infant formula of different stages

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表 1 实验样品基本信息

Table 1. Basic information of experimental samples

序号	样品名	样品时段	适用年龄段（月）	生产日期	产品规格（g）
1	F1	1	0～6	2022.3.11	150
2	F2	2	6～12	2022.3.11	150
3	F3	3	12～24	2022.3.11	150

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表 2 不同段式婴幼儿配方奶粉GC-O定性结果及化合物嗅闻频数结果

Table 2. GC-O qualitative results and compound olfactory frequency results of infant formula in different stages

序号	化合物	CAS	香气描述^a	嗅闻频数^b			鉴定方法^c
序号	化合物	CAS	香气描述^a	F1	F2	F3	鉴定方法^c
	醇类（4种）
HA-1	1-庚醇	111-70-6	豆腥	1	0	0	MS, RI, Aroma
HA-2	1-己醇	111-27-3	汽油	0	0	1	MS, RI, Aroma
HA-3	1-辛烯-3-醇	3391-86-4	鱼腥，豆腥	3	3	0	MS, RI, Aroma
HA-4	1-戊醇	71-41-0	鱼腥，奶腥	5	1	2	MS, RI, Aroma
	醛类（15种）
AL-1	（E,E）-2,4-癸二烯醛	25152-84-5	坚果，豆腥	4	6	5	MS, RI, Aroma
AL-2	（E,E）-2,4-庚二烯醛	4313035	油脂，青草	1	2	1	MS, RI, Aroma
AL-3	（E,E）-2,4-壬二烯醛	5910-87-2	谷物	6	5	4	MS, RI, Aroma
AL-4	（E）-2-癸烯醛	3913-81-3	植物，清香	3	2	3	MS, RI, Aroma
AL-5	（E）-2-庚醛	18829-55-5	鱼腥	2	2	0	MS, RI, Aroma
AL-6	（E）-2-己醛	6728-26-3	青草	1	0	0	MS, RI, Aroma
AL-7	（E）-2-壬醛	18829-56-6	土味，纸板，豆腥	3	4	4	MS, RI, Aroma
AL-8	（E）-2-辛醛	2548-87-0	坚果，豆腥	1	3	2	MS, RI, Aroma
AL-9	2-十一烯醛	2463-77-6	铁锈，植物	4	5	5	MS, RI, Aroma
AL-10	丁醛	123-72-8	焦糊	0	1	0	MS, RI, Aroma
AL-11	庚醛	111-71-7	奶香	2	2	2	MS, RI, Aroma
AL-12	己醛	66-25-1	青草	6	5	5	MS, RI, Aroma
AL-13	辛醛	124-13-0	新鲜	2	2	2	MS, RI, Aroma
AL-14	戊醛	110-62-3	鱼腥，豆腥	4	4	1	MS, RI, Aroma
AL-15	反-4,5-环氧-（E）-2-癸烯醛	360263	金属，鱼腥	5	5	6	MS, Aroma
	酮类（4种）
K-1	1-辛烯-3-酮	4312-99-6	蘑菇	5	4	4	MS, RI, Aroma
K-2	1-戊烯-3-酮	1629-58-9	豆腥	1	1	1	MS, RI, Aroma
K-3	（E,E）-3,5-辛二烯-2-酮	30086-02-3	果香，清香	3	1	2	MS, RI, Aroma
K-4	3-辛烯-2-酮	1669-44-9	坚果，甜香	1	1	1	MS, RI, Aroma
	呋喃（1种）
F-1	2-戊基呋喃	3777-69-3	鱼腥，金属	1	2	2	MS, RI, Aroma
注：a：GC-O中嗅闻到的及与文献中对比后的香气描述，参考文献[16,38-41]；b：嗅闻频数：每个化合物被嗅闻到的次数，每个化合物最高频数=6，即3名评价员，每人嗅闻2次，均嗅闻到时，该化合物频数为6；*c：MS为根据质谱信息匹配定性；RI为根据实际RI与NIST RI比对匹配定性；Aroma为香气描述整理结果。

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表 3 不同段式婴幼儿配方中挥发性化合物的GC-Orbitrap-MS定性定量分析

Table 3. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile compounds in infant formula of different stages by GC-Orbitrap-MS

序号	化合物名称	CAS	实际RI	m/z	含量			鉴定标准^a
序号	化合物名称	CAS	实际RI	m/z	F1	F2	F3	鉴定标准^a
	醇类（6种）
HA-1	1-庚醇	111-70-6	887	41.03836	0.015^b	0.040^a	0.006^b	MS, O, RI, STD
HA-2	1-己醇	111-27-3	808	41.03836	0.008^b	0.014^a	0.006^b	MS, O, RI, STD
HA-3	1-辛烯-3-醇	3391-86-4	979	57.03349	0.038^b	0.091^a	0.018^b	MS, O, RI, STD
HA-4	1-戊醇	71-41-0	777	55.05423	0.033^ab	0.052^a	0.023^b	MS, O, RI
HA-5	2-甲基-1-丙醇	78-83-1	662	41.0386	0.100^b	0.314^a	0.166^ab	MS, RI, STD
HA-6	1-戊烯-3-醇	616-25-1	657	57.0335	0.091^b	0.166^a	0.068^b	MS, RI
	呋喃（1种）
F-1	2-戊基呋喃	3777-69-3	903	81.03346	0.052^b	0.110^a	0.050^b	MS, O, RI, STD
	苯（2种）
B-1	乙苯	100-41-4	802	91.05422	0.012^a	0.012^a	0.013^a	MS, RI
B-2	萘	91-20-3	1087	128.06205	0.014^b	0.018^a	0.015^b	MS, RI, STD
	硫化物（2种）
S-1	二甲基二硫	624-92-0	711	93.99052	0.008^a	0.010^a	0.008^a	MS, RI, STD
S-2	二甲基砜	67-71-0	934	78.98483	0.113^b	0.143^a	0.103^ab	MS, RI, STD
	醚类（1种）
ET-1	正丁基醚	142-96-1	884	57.06985	0.008^a	0.007^a	0.008^a	MS, RI
	醛类（18种）
AL-1	（E,E）-2,4-癸二烯醛	25152-84-5	1301	81.0335	0.017^b	0.086^a	0.009^b	MS, O, RI, STD
AL-2	（E,E）-2,4-庚二烯醛	4313-0-35	1027	81.03346	0.152^b	0.381^a	0.075^b	MS, O, RI
AL-3	（E,E）-2,4-壬二烯醛	5910-87-2	1219	81.03342	0.099^b	0.607^a	0.069^b	MS, O, RI
AL-4	（E）-2-癸烯醛	3913-81-3	1265	83.04913	0.016^b	0.072^a	0.011^b	MS, O, RI, STD
AL-5	（E）-2-庚醛	18829-55-5	877	41.03834	0.214^b	0.639^a	0.131^b	MS, O, RI, STD
AL-6	（E）-2-己醛	6728-26-3	797	41.03834	0.031^b	0.084^a	0.016^b	MS, O, RI
AL-7	（E）-2-壬醛	18829-56-6	1058	41.03834	0.021^b	0.065^a	0.015^b	MS, O, RI
AL-8	（E）-2-辛醛	2548-87-0	951	41.03834	0.117^b	0.439^a	0.079^b	MS, O, RI, STD
AL-9	2-十一烯醛	2463-77-6	1369	67.05431	0.008^b	0.037^a	0.005^b	MS, O, RI
AL-10	丁醛	123-72-8	612	44.02567	0.009^b	0.018^a	0.006^b	MS, O, RI
AL-11	庚醛	111-71-7	834	41.03834	0.074^b	0.182^a	0.053^b	MS, O, RI, STD
AL-12	己醛	66-25-1	753	41.03834	2.144^b	5.003^a	1.662^b	MS, O, RI, STD
AL-13	辛醛	124-13-0	914	41.03834	0.128^b	0.360^a	0.089^b	MS, O, RI, STD
AL-14	戊醛	110-62-3	669	44.02555	0.374^b	0.665^a	0.284^b	MS, O, RI, STD
AL-15	反-4,5-环氧-（E）-2-癸烯醛	360263	1351	68.02566	0.025^b	0.103^a	0.015^b	MS, O, RI
AL-16	3-甲基丁醛	590-86-3	636	41.03834	0.018^b	0.028^a	0.015^b	MS, RI
AL-17	苯甲醛	100-52-7	969	105.03348	0.174^b	0.429^a	0.200^b	MS, RI
AL-18	壬醛	124-19-6	1004	41.03834	0.067^b	0.092^a	0.069^b	MS, RI, STD
	酸类（3种）
A-1	己酸	142-62-1	980	60.02058	0.071^b	0.183^a	0.063^b	MS, RI, STD
A-2	辛酸	124-07-2	1065	60.02058	0.015^b	0.026^a	0.015^b	MS, RI
A-3	癸酸	334-48-5	1360	60.02058	0.003^b	0.005^a	0.003^ab	MS, RI
	萜烯（4种）
T-1	α-侧柏烯	2867-05-2	928	91.05418	0.003^a	0.003^a	0.003^a	MS, RI
T-2	对伞花烃	99-87-6	934	119.08548	0.004^b	0.005^a	0.013^a	MS, RI, STD
T-3	（+）-莰烯	5794-03-6	948	93.06988	0.042^b	0.081^ab	0.130^a	MS, RI
T-4	dl-薄荷醇	89-78-1	1070	71.04914	0.002^a	0.004^a	0.004^a	MS, RI, STD
	酮类（9种）
K-1	1-辛烯-3-酮	4312-99-6	981	55.01783	0.040^b	0.127^a	0.019^b	MS, O, RI, STD
K-2	1-戊烯-3-酮	1629-58-9	736	55.01784	0.003^b	0.006^a	0.002^b	MS, O, RI
K-3	（E,E）-3,5-辛二烯-2-酮	30086-02-3	973	95.04915	0.050^b	0.192^a	0.025^b	MS, O, RI
K-4	3-辛烯-2-酮	1669-44-9	945	43.01769	0.018^b	0.045^a	0.012^b	MS, O, RI
K-5	2-丁酮	78-93-3	600	43.01769	0.066^b	0.125^a	0.100^ab	MS, RI
K-6	甲基异丁酮	108-10-1	707	43.01769	0.128^a	0.144^a	0.135^a	MS, RI
K-7	2-庚酮	110-43-0	825	43.01769	0.041^b	0.049^a	0.045^ab	MS, RI, STD
K-8	2,5-辛二酮	3214-41-3	988	43.05419	0.114^b	0.361^a	0.064^b	MS, RI
K-9	2-壬酮	821-55-6	1093	58.04129	0.002^b	0.003^a	0.002^b	MS, RI, STD
	酯类（1种）
ES-1	乙酸乙酯	141-78-6	608	43.01769	0.019^b	0.025^a	0.021^ab	MS, RI, STD
注：*a：MS为根据质谱信息匹配定性；RI为根据实际RI与NIST RI比对匹配定性；O为GC-O中鉴定到的化合物；STD为与标准品谱库匹配定性。

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