2021 No. 3

Stable occlusal pad versus repositioning occlusalpad in treating patients with temporomandibularjoint disorder syndrome
XU Wei, TAO Hua
2021, (3): 51-53. doi: 10.7619/jcmp.201908014
Abstract:
      Objective     To compare efficacy of stable occlusal pad and repositioning occlusal pad in the treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint disorder syndrome.      Methods     A total of 65 patients with temporomandibular joint disorder syndrome treated by occlusal pad were divided into stable occlusal pad group (n=35) and repositioning occlusal pad group (n=30). Clinical efficacy was compared between two groups.      Results     After treatment, the incidence rate of joint bounce and VAS score in both groups reduced significantly compared with treatment before (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of joint bounce after treatment between the two groups (P>0.05), but the VAS score after treatment in stable occlusal pad group was significantly lower than that in repositioning occlusal pad group (P < 0.05).      Conclusion     Both stable occlusal pad and repositioning occlusal pad can effectively treat patients with temporomandibular joint disorder syndrome, and repositioning occlusal pad is often used to treat the anterior displacement of the restorable disc. In the treatment of arthralgia, the effect of stable occlusal pad is more ideal.
Article
Detection of Radiocarbon Dioxide with Double-Resonance Absorption Spectroscopy
Tan Yan-dong, Cheng Cun-feng, Sheng Dong, Hu Shui-ming
2021, 34(3): 373-380. doi: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2103045
Abstract:
Fast and accurate quantitative detection of 14CO2 has important applications in many fields. The optical detection method based on the sensitive cavity ring-down spectroscopy technology has great potential. But currently it has difficulties of insufficient sensitivity and susceptibility to absorption of other isotopes/impurity molecules. We propose a stepped double-resonance spectroscopy method to excite 14CO2 molecules to an intermediate vibrationally excited state, and use cavity ring-down spectroscopy to probe them. The two-photon process significantly improves the selectivity of detection. We derive the quantitative measurement capability of double-resonance absorption spectroscopy. The simulation results show that the double-resonance spectroscopy measurement is Doppler-free, thereby reducing the effect of other molecular absorption. It is expected that this method can achieve high-selectivity detection of 14CO2 at the sub-ppt level.
Respiratory rate monitoring system based on inorganic halide perovskite humidity sensor
Wu Yingjie, Wu Zhilin, Wang Lin, Nian Weiqi, He Yong, Guo Yongcai
2021, 48(3): 200100. doi: 10.12086/oee.2021.200100
Abstract:

The traditional respiratory rate measurement technologies have several deficiencies, such as subjective appraised results, complicated signal extraction processes, difficult access to equipment, and inconvenience to move due to the wired connection setting. The respiratory airflow can directly reflect the human breath, and the respiratory frequency is usually 10~12 breaths/min (1 ventilation every 5~6 seconds). The humidity difference between exhalation and inhalation can be directly used to measure respiratory rate. In the present work, a wireless respiratory rate monitoring system based on inorganic halide perovskite humidity sensor was developed. The sensor exhibits an ultrasensitive humidity sensing performance, which overcomes the long response/recovery time (> 10 seconds) of the commercial humidity sensors. The system utilized a Zigbee wireless communication to transmit the measurement signal, which separates the signal detection and processing parts, making it easier for the tester to move. The upper computer software was designed and used for data processing to calculate the breathing rate. The system can accurately monitor the respiratory rate in real-time, recognize and alarm the apnea successfully by comparing with a setting threshold value. The test results show that the system can accurately monitor the breathing rate with a maximum error of 1 time per minute. The system possesses great potential for application in respiratory rate monitoring due to its high accuracy, simple operation, portability, and low cost.

Method of simultaneous calibration of dual view 3D measurement system
Zhao Hanzhuo, Gao Nan, Meng Zhaozong, Zhang Zonghua
2021, 48(3): 200127. doi: 10.12086/oee.2021.200127
Abstract:

In view of the limitations of the existing methods when the camera has no common field of view, this paper proposes a method of using two plane calibration plates to calibrate two cameras at the same time. By deriving the coordinate transformation between the two cameras and two calibration plates, the solution of the relative pose relationship between any camera and the reference camera is transformed into a more mature hand-eye calibration equation. The experimental results show that this method can achieve simultaneous calibration of two cameras, and the absolute error is less than 0.089 mm. In the dual vision 3D measurement system, the cumulative error with phase height is less than 0.116 mm, which can provide a reliable initial value for the next step of data fusion.

Research on the calculation method of the ultra-precision turning trajectory of large-vector high-convex cylinders
Lei Rongliang, Li Yun, Lin Wumei, Zhang Shuai, Qing Jianhong, Tang Linfeng
2021, 48(3): 200192. doi: 10.12086/oee.2021.200192
Abstract:
Array microstructure optical elements are widely used in various beam homogenization occasions, but conventional processing methods cannot meet the accuracy requirements of large-sagittal convex cylindrical arrays. In this paper, the ultra-precision turning forming method is used to analyze the main factors affecting diamond turning, the sequential search method and the binary search method are designed to find the turning track, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are compared. Furthermore, the binary search method is successfully found by combining the Matlab software turning trajectory and the numerical control program. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, turning experiments are carried on an ultra-precision lathe, and a large-vector high-array microstructure with a surface profile error of 135 nm is obtained. It proves that the force binary search method can accurately obtain the turning trajectory, and this method can be applied to both spherical and aspherical contours, showing important engineering application value.
Embedded gold-plated fiber Bragg grating temperature and stress sensors encapsulated in capillary copper tube
Zhang Yanjun, Gao Haichuan, Zhang Longtu, Liu Qiang, Fu Xinghu
2021, 48(3): 200195. doi: 10.12086/oee.2021.200195
Abstract:
In order to realize the non-destructive and real-time dynamic stress monitoring method of the construction machinery surface in complex and harsh environments, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) stress sensor packaging method based on magnetron sputtering technology is proposed. Two packaging methods of complete embedding (the capillary copper tube embedded in the entire grating area) and two sides embedding (capillary copper tube nested at both ends of the grating area) are studied. The sensitization effect of the sensor is analyzed from the perspective of theory and finite element, and the results are consistent. The physical sensors are made, and temperature, stress, and comparison experiments are carried out. Simulation and experiment show that the FBG sensor improves the sensitivity by about 7.5% under this model. The temperature experiment shows that the temperature feedback correlation coefficient R2 of the second package structure reaches 0.99948, which shows good linearity in the range of 30 ℃~80 ℃; the stress experiment correlation coefficient R2 also reaches 0.99924, and the sensitivity is 6.14 pm/MPa. The accuracy of demodulation system reaches 0.05 MPa, it can demodulate stress quickly and accurately. Comparative experiments show that the monitoring system composed of grating demodulator has higher accuracy than the monitoring system composed of strain gauges, and maximum deviation value smaller 59.8%. The packaging structure of metallization method of embedded capillary copper tube combined with organic glue fixed is simple, high sensitivity, and precision, can meet the needs of large-scale construction machinery surface non-destructive real-time health monitoring.
Error model analysis and correlation correction of Hartmann's focimeter
Yang Jinlong, Jia Hongzhi, Jin Tao, Xiang Huazhong, Zhang Dawei, Zhuang Songlin
2021, 48(3): 200238. doi: 10.12086/oee.2021.200238
Abstract:
In order to reduce the error and improve the measurement accuracy, a more detailed error model is established for the Hartmann method of focal power measurement in this paper. It focuses on the analysis of several problems that cause the error of refraction problems, including the dispersion error of the light source, the inaccurate of the photodetector's central positing, the tilt of lens, misalignment between incidence axis and main axis of lens, and the incident light and the lens are not perpendicular. At last, it is concluded that the inaccuracy of the center extraction on the photodetector will cause a large error to the final result. For all these reasons, a method of dual bilinear interpolation combined with a fitting method to find the centroid is proposed, proving its effectiveness and accuracy.
Refractive index insensitive two parameter sensor based on dual mode LPEG
Wang Xiangyu, Qiao Xueguang, Yu Dakuan
2021, 48(3): 200247. doi: 10.12086/oee.2021.200247
Abstract:
The variation of ambient refractive index and ambient temperature is the main factor affecting the error of optical fiber strain measurement. In this paper, a strain sensor based on the dual-mode fiber (DMF) long period fiber grating (LPFG) is designed. The sensor model structure was designed, and the sensor samples with optimized parameters were produced. The experiment tested the response of the DMF-LPFG sensing structure to the strain, temperature and refractive index in the external environment. Through the Bragg grating (fiber Bragg grating, FBG) written on the single-mode fiber with a UV laser, the cross effect of the ambient temperature is solved. The results of the axial strain experiment show that the axial strain sensitivity of the new structure sensor can reach -5.4 pm/με in the strain range of 0 με~840 με, which is greatly improved compared to the ordinary LPFG. The sensitivity is 58.86 pm/℃ in the temperature range of 25 ℃~80 ℃, showing good linearity. At the same time, the sensor is insensitive to changes in ambient refractive index. The dual-parameter matrix is used to process the strain and temperature sensitivity of the few-mode LPFG and FBG to achieve dual-parameter simultaneous demodulation. The new composite grating structure has good sensing performance and engineering application prospects.
Design of a photonic crystal fiber with low confinement loss and high birefringence
Zhao Lijuan, Liang Ruoyu, Zhao Haiying, Xu Zhiniu
2021, 48(3): 200368. doi: 10.12086/oee.2021.200368
Abstract:
A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for long distance communication was proposed in this paper. The circular and elliptical air holes distribute in the cladding, and there are two small elliptical air holes around the core in cross section of the PCF. The characteristics of the PCF were analyzed by using the finite element method (FEM) systematically. The results show that the PCF offers an ultrahigh birefringence of 3.51×10-2 and the confinement loss as low as 1.5×10-9 dB/m with the optimal structure at the wavelength of 1550 nm. Compared with the existing photonic crystal fibers with elliptical air holes, the birefringence has a large increase, and the confinement loss reduces by 5 orders of magnitude. Additionally, we also analyzed the relationship between the dispersion of the PCF and the wavelength, and obtained the Brillouin gain spectrum characteristics. In general, the PCF can be used in long distance communication system.
ARTICLES
Extensive study of optical contrast between bulk and nanoscale transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors
Parmar Ankush, Kaur Jashangeet, Sharma Manish Dev, Goyal Navdeep
2021, (3): 082001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/8/082001
Abstract:
A remarkable refinement in the optical behavior of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has been brought to light when cleaved from their respective bulks. These atomically thin direct bandgap semiconductors are highly responsive to optical energy which proposes the route for futuristic photonic devices. In this manuscript, we have substantially focused on the optical study of MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets and comparative analysis with their bulk counterparts. The synthesis of nanosheets has been accomplished with liquid exfoliation followed by fabrication of thin films with drop-casting technique. X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy affirmed the morphology, whereas, UV–visible spectroscopy served as the primary tool for optical analysis. It was observed that several parameters, like optical conductivity, optical band-gap energy etc. have enhanced statistics in the case of exfoliated nanosheets as compared to their respective bulks. Some researchers have touched upon this analysis for MoS2, but it is completely novel for WS2. We expect our work to clearly distinguish between the optical behaviors of nanoscale and bulk TMDs so as to intensify and strengthen the research related to 2D-layered materials for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications.
Review
Research progress of computational microspectrometer based on speckle inspection
Zheng Qilin, Wen Long, Chen Qin
2021, 48(3): 200183. doi: 10.12086/oee.2021.200183
Abstract:
Fast, accurate and nondestructive spectral analysis technique is important and widely used in the fields of scientific research, information, biomedical, pharmaceutical detection, agriculture, environment, and security. However, the existing spectroscopic analysis equipments are usually bulky and complex, which are difficult to adapt to portable application scenarios such as on-site rapid detection, light-load platform, etc. In recent years, miniature spectroscopic detection technology and equipment have received extensive attention, and have been rapidly developed, with significant advantages in size, weight, and power consumption. In particular, the computational spectral analysis technology based on the speckle detection can obtain high-precision spectral information by recording and analyzing the speckle pattern formed by the scattering element on the measured light. This paper will first introduce the related technical principles and technological developments, then analyze the existing techniques including the advantages and disadvantages, and finally discuss and summarize the future development direction and application prospects.
Detection and recognition of distributed optical fiber intrusion signal
Zhang Yongkang, Shang Ying, Wang Chen, Zhao Wen′an, Li Chang, Cao Bing, Wang Chang
2021, 48(3): 200254. doi: 10.12086/oee.2021.200254
Abstract:
Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology can detect acoustic or vibration signals with high sensitivity and wide dynamic range by receiving the phase information from coherent Rayleigh scattered light. Linear quantization is used to measure high fidelity restoration of the signals. With the increasing demand of practical applications, the optical fiber intrusion detection field has put forward higher requirements for event location and identification, which is manifested as the accurate classification of intrusion events. Therefore, the combination of distributed acoustic sensing and pattern recognition (PR) technology is a hot research topic at present. This is beneficial to promote the application and development of distributed optical fiber sensing technology. The research progress of the pattern recognition technology applied to distributed optical fiber intrusion detection in recent years is summarized in this paper, which can be used for feature extraction and classification algorithm research progress. In this paper, several feature extraction methods for realizing intrusion event signal recognition and their feature selection difficulties in different application situations are reviewed. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of specific event recognition algorithm are analyzed and summarized.
Feature
Current Situation and Countermeasures of the Development of Sci-Tech Journals in Zhejiang Province1
ZHANG Yun, YU Zhihua, ZENG Jianlin, YING Xiangwei, YUAN Zuimin, LUO Xiangyang, GAO Jun
2021, 31(3): 1-11. doi: 10.19619/j.issn.1007-1938.2021.00.041
Abstract:

By means of questionnaire survey and data enquiry, the development status of sci-tech journals in Zhejiang Province was investigated and analyzed by Zhejiang Science and Technology Journal Editing Association. It was concluded that there were some problems in sci-tech journals in Zhejiang Province , such as the scattered running mode, the single structure of editors, the low overall academic influence and the limited integrated publishing mode. On this basis, in order to fully promote the development process of digitalization, specialization, collectivization and internationalization of sci-tech journals in Zhejiang Province, this paper put forward specific countermeasures and suggestions from five aspects: promoting the cluster development of journals, strengthening the cooperation with academic groups, strengthening the construction of academic editor teams, expanding the communication channels of new media, and planning integration development mode.

Special Topic Papers: Radars Electromagnetic Scattering Imaging and Recognition
Research Progress on Synthetic Aperture Radar Parametric Imaging Methods
ZENG Tao, WEN Yuhan, WANG Yan, DING Zegang, WEI Yangkai, YUAN Tiaotiao
2021, 10(3): 327-341. doi: 10.12000/JR21004
Abstract:
Under the constraints of the point scattering model, traditional Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging algorithms can be regarded as a mapping from data space to image space. However, most objects in the real scene are extended targets, which are mismatched with the point scattering model in traditional linear imaging algorithms. The abovementioned reasons lead to the distortion of SAR image representation. A common phenomenon is that the extended targets appear as isolated scattered points, which hinder the application of target recognition on the basis of SAR images. SAR parametric nonlinear imaging techniques are established to solve the abovementioned model mismatch problem. Such methods are characterized by the scattering models that consider point targets and extended targets. Specifically, by using the sensitivity of the phase and amplitude characteristics of the echoes or images to the observation angles, SAR parametric imaging methods can first identify the target type and estimate the scattering parameters, and then reconstruct the target image on the basis of the scattering model. SAR parametric imaging methods can obtain better image quality than traditional linear methods for extended targets. This article mainly introduces the parametric imaging methods of linear extended targets, which correspond to the isolated strong points and continuous edges of objects in the real scene, and discusses the parametric imaging methods on the basis of the echo and image domains and experimental results. Last, the future development trends of SAR parametric imaging methods are discussed.
Dynamic Scattering Analysis of Midcourse Ballistic Targets with Separation Movements
ZHAO Feng, XU Zhiming, WU Qihua, AI Xiaofeng
2021, 10(3): 360-369. doi: 10.12000/JR21047
Abstract:
In the midcourse trajectory of ballistic targets, warhead releasing and decoy throwing are two of the several types of target separation events. In the early stages, multiple targets are close to each other, and coupling scattering usually leads to variations in the radar cross section and polarization. If these variation features are investigated clearly, the tracking and recognition ability of an early warning radar will improve for ballistic targets. In this study, dynamic scattering of ballistic targets with three types of separation movements is analyzed; and several separation features that promote the action recognition development of midcourse ballistic targets are proposed.